PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The poultry industry is evolving towards antibiotic-free production to meet market demands and decelerate the increasing spread of the antimicrobial resistance. The growing need for antibiotic free products has challenged producers to decrease or completely stop using antimicrobials as feed supplements in broiler diet to improve feed efficiency, growth rate, and intestinal health. Natural feed additives (e.g., probiotics and phytobiotics) are promising alternatives to substitute antimicrobial growth promoters. The goal of our study was to characterize the effects of a Probiotic and an Essential Oils blend on broilers\' performance and perform a time-series analysis to describe their excreta microbiome. A total of 320 Cobb 500 (1-day-old) chicks were raised for 21 d in 32 randomly allocated cages. Treatments consisted of 4 experimental diets: a basal diet, and a basal diet mixed with an Antibiotic (bacitracin methylene disalicylate), an essential oils blend (oregano oil, rosemary, and red pepper), or a Probiotic (Bacillus subtilis). Body weight (on 1, 10, and 21d), and feed intake (10d and 21d) were recorded and feed conversion ratio was calculated. Droppings were collected daily (1-21d) to characterize broilers\' excreta microbiota by targeted sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The Probiotic significantly improved feed conversion ratio for starter phase 1 to 10d (P = 0.03), grower phase 10 to 21d (P = 0.05), and total period 1 to 21d (P = 0.01) compared to the Antibiotic. Feed supplements did not affect alpha diversity but did impact microbial beta diversity (P < 0.01). Age also impacted microbiome turnover as differences in alpha and beta diversity were detected. Furthermore, when compared to the basal diet, the probiotic and antibiotic significantly impacted relative abundance of Bifidobacterium (log2 fold change -1.44, P = 0.03), Intestinimonas (log2 fold change 0.560, P < 0.01) and Ligilactobacillus (log2 fold change -1.600, P < 0.01). Overall, Probiotic supplementation but not essential oils supplementation positively impacted broilers\' growth performance by directly causing directional shifts in broilers\' excreta microbiota structure.
摘要：
家禽业正在向无抗生素生产发展，以满足市场需求并减缓抗生素耐药性的蔓延。对无抗生素产品的需求日益增长，要求生产商减少或完全停止使用抗生素作为肉鸡饮食中的饲料补充剂，以提高饲料效率。增长率，和肠道健康。天然饲料添加剂(例如，益生菌和植物抗生素）是替代抗菌生长促进剂的有希望的替代品。我们研究的目的是表征益生菌和精油混合物对肉鸡性能的影响，并进行时间序列分析以描述其排泄物微生物组。在32个随机分配的笼子中，总共饲养了320只Cobb500（1日龄）雏鸡21d。治疗包括4种实验饮食：基础饮食，和基础饮食与抗生素（杆菌肽亚甲基二磺酸盐）混合，精油混合物（牛至油，迷迭香,和红辣椒)，或益生菌（枯草芽孢杆菌）。体重（1、10和21d），记录采食量(10d和21d)，并计算饲料转化率。每天（1-21d）收集粪便，通过细菌16SrRNA基因的靶向测序来表征肉鸡排泄物微生物群。益生菌显著提高了起始阶段1至10d的饲料转化率(P=0.03)，种植者阶段10至21d(P=0.05)，与抗生素相比，总周期为1至21d(P=0.01)。饲料补充剂不影响α多样性，但影响微生物β多样性（P<0.01）。年龄也影响微生物组周转，因为检测到α和β多样性的差异。此外，与基础饮食相比，益生菌和抗生素显着影响双歧杆菌的相对丰度（log2倍变化-1.44，P=0.03），肠球菌(log2倍数变化0.560,P<0.01)和双杆菌(log2倍数变化-1.600,P<0.01)。总的来说,益生菌补充而不是精油补充通过直接引起肉鸡排泄物微生物群结构的方向变化而对肉鸡的生长性能产生积极影响。
