Abstract：
Histoplasmosis is a mycosis due to a dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. This study aimed at providing an overview of histoplasmosis epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects from the last 30 years. This review was carried out using a systematic literature search on histoplasmosis from 1992 to 2021. We describe the clinical features, diagnostic methods and treatment. Empirical searches were conducted via the databases PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct. Between 1992 and 2021, 190 manuscripts were published and reported 212 cases of histoplasmosis. These publications included 115 and 97 cases of American and African histoplasmosis respectively. The number of publications increased over the last ten years with a maximum in 2020 (12.34 % of the cases reported). The disseminated forms of histoplasmosis were the most frequently reported cases as compared to the localized forms. This was the case with the American histoplasmosis (75.65 %) as well as with the African histoplasmosis (55.67 %). Itraconazole (31.17 %) and Amphotericin B (26.62 %) were the most used drugs in the management of these cases. American histoplasmosis is distributed worldwide whereas African histoplasmosis is mainly present in intertropical Africa. There is a critical need for setting up a global surveillance system, towards a better understanding of the disease.
摘要：
组织胞浆菌病是由于双态真菌荚膜组织胞浆菌病。这项研究旨在提供组织胞浆菌病流行病学的概述，临床,诊断,以及过去30年的治疗方面。这篇综述是通过对1992年至2021年组织胞浆菌病的系统文献检索进行的。我们描述了临床特征，诊断方法和治疗。实证搜索是通过数据库PubMed进行的，谷歌学者和科学直接。在1992年至2021年之间，发表了190份手稿，并报告了212例组织胞浆菌病。这些出版物分别包括115例和97例美国和非洲组织胞浆菌病。在过去的十年中，出版物的数量有所增加，到2020年达到最高水平（占报告病例的12.34％）。与局部形式相比，组织胞浆菌病的传播形式是最常见的病例。美国组织胞浆菌病（75.65％）和非洲组织胞浆菌病（55.67％）就是这种情况。伊曲康唑（31.17％）和两性霉素B（26.62％）是这些病例处理中使用最多的药物。美国组织胞浆菌病分布在世界各地，而非洲组织胞浆菌病主要存在于热带非洲。迫切需要建立一个全球监控系统，更好地了解这种疾病。
