Abstract：
The mason bee Osmia excavata Alfken is an apple pollinating insect widely distributed in northern China, in order to effectively utilize the mason bee and improve the pollination rate of apples, there is a need to evaluate the pollination efficiency of the bees. This study evaluated the pollination efficiency of the mason bee on apple orchards in Jinan and Yantai, Shandong Province, China. The study compared natural pollination areas and pollination areas with different release densities of O. excavata in terms of the effects of bee density, timing of pollination, and distance effects on fruit set rate, fruit shape index, fruit shape skewness, fruit soluble solids content, and fruit firmness. The optimal release density of bees was 6000 cocoons per hectare, resulting in the highest fruit setting rate of apple lateral flowers. From 07:00 to 14:00 was the best time for bee pollination. The optimal distance of hives from apple trees for pollination by O. excavata was 60 m. Single fruit weight was significantly higher and fruit unsymmetrical rate, partial slope and hardness were all significantly lower at the release densities of 6000 or 12000 cocoons per hectare compared with 3000 cocoons per hectare or under natural pollination conditions. There was no significant difference in the content of soluble solids under different release densities. Thus, the radius of 60 m from the hive was the effective pollination range and 6000 cocoons per hectare of mason bees could ensure the fruit quality of apple.
摘要：
泥瓦匠蜜蜂OsmiaexcavataAlfken是一种广泛分布在中国北方的苹果授粉昆虫，为了有效利用梅森蜜蜂，提高苹果的授粉率，有必要评估蜜蜂的授粉效率。本研究评估了梅森蜜蜂在济南和烟台苹果园上的授粉效率。山东省,中国。该研究从蜜蜂密度的影响方面比较了自然授粉区和不同释放密度的授粉区。授粉的时机,以及距离对坐果率的影响，果实形状指数,果实形状偏斜度，果实可溶性固形物含量，水果的硬度。蜜蜂的最佳释放密度为每公顷6000个茧，导致苹果侧花坐果率最高。从07:00到14:00是蜜蜂授粉的最佳时间。蜂巢与苹果树授粉的最佳距离为60m。单果重明显较高，果实不对称率，在每公顷6000或12000茧的释放密度下，与每公顷3000茧或在自然授粉条件下相比，部分坡度和硬度均显着降低。不同释放密度下可溶性固形物含量差异不显著。因此，蜂巢半径60m为有效授粉范围，每公顷梅森蜜蜂6000个茧可以保证苹果的果实品质。
