PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
This paper discusses a landmark ruling by the Chilean Supreme Court of August 9, 2023 dealing with the right to mental privacy, originated with an action for constitutional protection filed on behalf of Guido Girardi Lavin against Emotiv Inc., a North American company based in San Francisco, California that is commercializing the device \"Insight.\" This wireless device functions as a headset with sensors that collect information about the brain\'s electrical activity (i.e., neurodata). The discussion revolves around whether neurodata can be considered personal data and whether they could be classified into a special category. The application of the present legislation on data (the most obsolete, such as the Chilean law, and the most recent EU law) does not seem adequate to protect neurodata. The use of neurodata raises ethical and legal concerns that are not fully addressed by current regulations on personal data protection. Despite not being necessarily considered personal data, neurodata represent the most intimate aspects of human personality and should be protected in light of potential new risks. The unique characteristics of neurodata, including their interpretive nature and potential for revealing thoughts and intentions, pose challenges for regulation. Current data protection laws do not differentiate between different types of data based on their informational content, which is relevant for protecting individual rights. The development of new technologies involving neurodata requires particular attention and careful consideration to prevent possible harm to human dignity. The regulation of neurodata must account for their specific characteristics and the potential risks they pose to privacy, confidentiality, and individual rights. The answer lies in the reconfiguration of human rights known as \"neurorights\" that goes beyond the protection of personal data.
摘要：
本文讨论了智利最高法院于2023年8月9日作出的一项具有里程碑意义的裁决，该裁决涉及精神隐私权。源于代表GuidoGirardiLavin对EmotivInc.提起的宪法保护诉讼，一家总部设在旧金山的北美公司，加利福尼亚州正在将该设备商业化。\“此无线设备用作带有传感器的耳机，可收集有关大脑电活动的信息（即，神经数据）。讨论围绕神经数据是否可以被视为个人数据以及它们是否可以被归类为特殊类别。现行数据立法的适用(最过时的，比如智利的法律，以及最新的欧盟法律）似乎不足以保护神经数据。神经数据的使用引发了道德和法律问题，而现行的个人数据保护法规并未完全解决这些问题。尽管不一定被视为个人数据，神经数据代表了人类人格最亲密的方面，应根据潜在的新风险予以保护。神经数据的独特特征，包括它们的解释性和揭示思想和意图的潜力，对监管构成挑战。当前的数据保护法没有根据信息内容区分不同类型的数据，这与保护个人权利有关。涉及神经数据的新技术的发展需要特别关注和仔细考虑，以防止对人类尊严的可能伤害。神经数据的监管必须考虑到它们的具体特征以及它们对隐私构成的潜在风险，保密性,和个人权利。答案在于对被称为“神经”的人权的重新配置，这超出了对个人数据的保护。
