PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The North China Plain has a typical winter wheat-summer corn double-cropping pattern. The effects of nutrient deficiency conditions on the root characteristics and yield of summer corn in the double-cropping system were studied for four years. Long-term monotonous fertilization patterns undermine crop rotation systems and are detrimental to the sustainability of agricultural production. To complement the development of rational fertilization strategies by exploring the response of crop rotation systems to nutrient deficiencies, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design consisting of five treatments with three replicates for each treatment: (1) an adequate supply of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers and potash-deficient treatment (T1); (2) an adequate supply of nitrogen and potash fertilizers and phosphorus-deficient treatment (T2); (3) an adequate supply of phosphorus and potash fertilizers and nitrogen-deficient treatment (T3); (4) nutrient-sufficient treatment for crop growth (T4); and (5) no-fertilizer treatment (CK). The results showed that different nutrient treatments had significant effects on the root length density (RLD), root surface area density (RSAD), and root dry weight density (RDWD) in summer corn. At the physiological maturity stage (R6), the root indexes of RLD, RSAD, and RDWD were significantly higher in the 0-20 cm soil layer in T4 compared to CK, with an increase of 86.2%, 131.4%, and 100.0%, respectively. Similarly, in the 20-40 cm soil layer, the root indexes of T4 were 85.7%, 61.3%, and 50.0% higher than CK, with varied differences observed in the other nutrient-deficient treatments. However, there was no significant difference among the treatments in the 40-60 cm layer except for T4, whose root index showed a difference. The root fresh weight and root dry matter in T4, T3, T2, and T1 were increased to different degrees compared with CK. In addition, these differences in root indexes affected the annual yield of crops, which increased by 20.96%, 21.95%, and 8.14% in T4, T2, and T1, respectively, compared to CK. The spike number and the number of grains per spike of T4 were 10.8% and 8.3% higher than those of CK, which led to the differences in summer corn yields. The 1000-kernel weight of T4, T2, and T1 were 9.5%, 8.8%, and 7.4% higher than that of CK, whereas the determining nutrient was nitrogen fertilizer, and phosphorus fertilizer had a higher effect on yield than potassium fertilizer. This provides a theoretical basis for the effect of nutrient deficiency conditions on yield stability in a double-cropping system.
摘要：
华北平原具有典型的冬小麦-夏玉米双作模式。用4年的时间研究了营养缺乏条件对双季制夏玉米根系性状和产量的影响。长期单调的施肥模式破坏了作物轮作制度，不利于农业生产的可持续性。通过探索作物轮作系统对养分缺乏的反应，以补充合理施肥策略的发展，在随机的完整区组设计中进行了一项实验，该实验由五个处理组成，每个处理重复三个：（1）充足的氮和磷肥和钾肥以及钾肥的缺乏处理（T1）；（2）充足的氮和钾肥和磷缺乏处理（T2）；（3）充足的磷和钾肥的供应以及氮缺乏处理（T3）；（4）作物生长的养分充足处理（T4）（和CK-5结果表明,不同养分处理对根长密度(RLD)有显著影响,根表面积密度（RSAD），和夏玉米的根干重密度（RDWD）。在生理成熟阶段（R6），RLD的根索引，RSAD,和RDWD在T4的0-20厘米土层中明显高于CK，增长了86.2%，131.4%,和100.0%，分别。同样，在20-40厘米的土壤层中，T4的根系指数为85.7%，61.3%,比CK高50.0%，在其他营养缺乏治疗中观察到不同的差异。然而,除T4外，40-60cm层的处理之间没有显着差异，其根指数显示出差异。与CK相比，T4、T3、T2和T1的根鲜重和根干物质均有不同程度的增加。此外,这些根系指数的差异影响了作物的年产量，增长了20.96%，21.95%,T4、T2和T1分别为8.14%，相比于CK。T4的穗数和每穗粒数分别比CK高10.8%和8.3%,这导致了夏玉米产量的差异。T4，T2和T1的1000内核重量为9.5％，8.8%,比CK高7.4%，而决定养分的是氮肥，磷肥对产量的影响高于钾肥。这为研究营养缺乏条件对双作制度产量稳定性的影响提供了理论依据。
