Abstract：
Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park (TDNP, Iberian Peninsula) is a semi-arid wetland of international significance for waterfowl and serves as a migratory route for various bird species. However, TDNP presents strong anthropization and fluctuating water levels, making it a highly fragile ecosystem. Water physico-chemical parameters and microbial diversity of the three domains (Bacteria-Archaea- Eukarya) were analysed in Zone A and Zone B of the wetland (a total of eight stations) during spring and summer, aiming to determine how seasonal changes influence the water quality, trophic status and ultimately, the microbial community composition. Additionally, Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) was used to determine the trophic status instead of transparency using Secchi disk, setting the threshold to 20-40 μmol/sm2 for benthic vegetation growth. In spring, both zones of the wetland were considered eutrophic, and physico-chemical parameters as well as microbial diversity were similar to other wetlands, with most abundant bacteria affiliated to Actinobacteriota, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidota, Gammaproteobacteria and Verrumicrobiota. Methane-related taxa like Methanosarcinales and photosynthetic Chlorophyta were respectively the most representative archaeal and eukaryotic groups. In summer, phytoplankton bloom led by an unclassified Cyanobacteria and mainly alga Hydrodictyon was observed in Zone A, resulting in an increase of turbidity, pH, phosphorus, nitrogen, chlorophyll-a and phycocyanin indicating the change to hypertrophic state. Microbial community composition was geographical and seasonal shaped within the wetland as response to changes in trophic status. Archaeal diversity decreases and methane-related species increase due to sediment disturbance driven by fish activity, wind, and substantial water depth reduction. Zone B in summer suffers less seasonal changes, maintaining the eutrophic state and still detecting macrophyte growth in some stations. This study provides a new understanding of the interdomain microbial adaptation following the ecological evolution of the wetland, which is crucial to knowing these systems that are ecological niches with high environmental value.
摘要：
LasTablasdeDaimiel国家公园（TDNP，伊比利亚半岛）是对水禽具有国际意义的半干旱湿地，是各种鸟类的迁徙路线。然而,TDNP表现出强烈的人类化和波动的水位，使其成为一个非常脆弱的生态系统。在春季和夏季，在湿地的A区和B区（共八个站点）分析了三个域（细菌-考古学家-Eukarya）的水理化参数和微生物多样性，旨在确定季节性变化如何影响水质，营养状况，最终，微生物群落组成。此外,光合有效辐射（PAR）用于确定营养状况，而不是使用Secchi圆盘确定透明度，将底栖植被生长的阈值设置为20-40μmol/sm2。在春天,湿地的两个区域都被认为是富营养化的，理化参数和微生物多样性与其他湿地相似，放线菌属的细菌最丰富，蓝细菌,拟杆菌,γ变形杆菌和Verrumicoprobiota。与甲烷相关的类群，如甲烷和光合绿藻分别是最具代表性的古细菌和真核生物。在夏天,在A区观察到由未分类的蓝藻和主要是藻类的浮游植物水华，导致浊度增加，pH值,磷，氮，叶绿素a和藻蓝蛋白表明向肥厚状态的变化。湿地内的微生物群落组成是地理和季节形状的，以响应营养状态的变化。由于鱼类活动驱动的沉积物干扰，古细菌多样性减少，甲烷相关物种增加，风,并大幅减少水深。夏季B区季节性变化较小，保持富营养化状态，一些站仍在检测到大型植物的生长。这项研究提供了一个新的认识的域间微生物适应随着湿地的生态演变，这对于了解这些具有高环境价值的生态位系统至关重要。
