Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The recent discovery of emerging relapsing fever group Borrelia (RFGB) species, such as Borrelia miyamotoi, poses a growing threat to public health. However, the global distribution and associated risk burden of these species remain uncertain. We aimed to map the diversity, distribution, and potential infection risk of RFGB.
METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, GenBank, CNKI, and eLibrary from Jan 1, 1874, to Dec 31, 2022, for published articles without language restriction to extract distribution data for RFGB detection in vectors, animals, and humans, and clinical information about human patients. Only articles documenting RFGB infection events were included in this study, and data for RFGB detection in vectors, animals, or humans were composed into a dataset. We used three machine learning algorithms (boosted regression trees, random forest, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression) to assess the environmental, ecoclimatic, biological, and socioeconomic factors associated with the occurrence of four major RFGB species: Borrelia miyamotoi, Borrelia lonestari, Borrelia crocidurae, and Borrelia hermsii; and mapped their worldwide risk level.
RESULTS: We retrieved 13 959 unique studies, among which 697 met the selection criteria and were used for data extraction. 29 RFGB species have been recorded worldwide, of which 27 have been identified from 63 tick species, 12 from 61 wild animals, and ten from domestic animals. 16 RFGB species caused human infection, with a cumulative count of 26 583 cases reported from Jan 1, 1874, to Dec 31, 2022. Borrelia recurrentis (17 084 cases) and Borrelia persica (2045 cases) accounted for the highest proportion of human infection. B miyamotoi showed the widest distribution among all RFGB, with a predicted environmentally suitable area of 6·92 million km2, followed by B lonestari (1·69 million km2), B crocidurae (1·67 million km2), and B hermsii (1·48 million km2). The habitat suitability index of vector ticks and climatic factors, such as the annual mean temperature, have the most significant effect among all predictive models for the geographical distribution of the four major RFGB species.
CONCLUSIONS: The predicted high-risk regions are considerably larger than in previous reports. Identification, surveillance, and diagnosis of RFGB infections should be prioritised in high-risk areas, especially within low-income regions.
BACKGROUND: National Key Research and Development Program of China.
METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, GenBank, CNKI, and eLibrary from Jan 1, 1874, to Dec 31, 2022, for published articles without language restriction to extract distribution data for RFGB detection in vectors, animals, and humans, and clinical information about human patients. Only articles documenting RFGB infection events were included in this study, and data for RFGB detection in vectors, animals, or humans were composed into a dataset. We used three machine learning algorithms (boosted regression trees, random forest, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression) to assess the environmental, ecoclimatic, biological, and socioeconomic factors associated with the occurrence of four major RFGB species: Borrelia miyamotoi, Borrelia lonestari, Borrelia crocidurae, and Borrelia hermsii; and mapped their worldwide risk level.
RESULTS: We retrieved 13 959 unique studies, among which 697 met the selection criteria and were used for data extraction. 29 RFGB species have been recorded worldwide, of which 27 have been identified from 63 tick species, 12 from 61 wild animals, and ten from domestic animals. 16 RFGB species caused human infection, with a cumulative count of 26 583 cases reported from Jan 1, 1874, to Dec 31, 2022. Borrelia recurrentis (17 084 cases) and Borrelia persica (2045 cases) accounted for the highest proportion of human infection. B miyamotoi showed the widest distribution among all RFGB, with a predicted environmentally suitable area of 6·92 million km2, followed by B lonestari (1·69 million km2), B crocidurae (1·67 million km2), and B hermsii (1·48 million km2). The habitat suitability index of vector ticks and climatic factors, such as the annual mean temperature, have the most significant effect among all predictive models for the geographical distribution of the four major RFGB species.
CONCLUSIONS: The predicted high-risk regions are considerably larger than in previous reports. Identification, surveillance, and diagnosis of RFGB infections should be prioritised in high-risk areas, especially within low-income regions.
BACKGROUND: National Key Research and Development Program of China.
摘要：
背景：最近发现了新兴的复发性热病群疏螺旋体（RFGB）物种，比如miyamotoiBorrelia,对公众健康构成了越来越大的威胁。然而,这些物种的全球分布和相关风险负担仍然不确定。我们的目标是绘制多样性，分布，和RFGB的潜在感染风险。
方法：我们搜索了PubMed，WebofScience,GenBank,CNKI,和1874年1月1日至2022年12月31日的eLibrary，用于没有语言限制的已发表文章，以提取用于矢量中RFGB检测的分布数据，动物,和人类,和人类患者的临床信息。本研究仅包括记录RFGB感染事件的文章，和向量中RFGB检测的数据，动物,或者人类被组成一个数据集。我们使用了三种机器学习算法(增强回归树，随机森林,和最小绝对收缩和选择算子逻辑回归)来评估环境，生态气候，生物，以及与四个主要RFGB物种的发生相关的社会经济因素：密螺旋体，伦敦伯氏螺旋体,黄体疏螺旋体,和伯氏螺旋体；并绘制了它们的全球风险水平。
结果：我们检索了13959项独特研究，其中697人符合选择标准,用于数据提取.全世界已记录了29种RFGB物种，其中27个已从63个蜱物种中鉴定出来，来自61种野生动物的12种，和十个来自家畜。16种RFGB物种导致人类感染，从1874年1月1日至2022年12月31日，累计报告26583例。复发疏螺旋体(17084例)和桃状疏螺旋体(2045例)在人感染中所占比例最高。Bmiyamotoi在所有RFGB中分布最广，预计环境适宜面积为6·92万km2，其次是Blonestari(1·69万km2)，Bcrocidurae(1.67亿平方公里)，和Bhermsii（1·4800万平方公里）。媒介蜱的生境适宜性指数与气候因子,比如年平均气温，在所有预测模型中，对四种主要RFGB物种的地理分布具有最显著的影响。
结论：预测的高风险区域比以前的报告要大得多。Identification,监视,和RFGB感染的诊断应优先在高风险地区，特别是在低收入地区。
背景：国家重点研发计划.
方法：我们搜索了PubMed，WebofScience,GenBank,CNKI,和1874年1月1日至2022年12月31日的eLibrary，用于没有语言限制的已发表文章，以提取用于矢量中RFGB检测的分布数据，动物,和人类,和人类患者的临床信息。本研究仅包括记录RFGB感染事件的文章，和向量中RFGB检测的数据，动物,或者人类被组成一个数据集。我们使用了三种机器学习算法(增强回归树，随机森林,和最小绝对收缩和选择算子逻辑回归)来评估环境，生态气候，生物，以及与四个主要RFGB物种的发生相关的社会经济因素：密螺旋体，伦敦伯氏螺旋体,黄体疏螺旋体,和伯氏螺旋体；并绘制了它们的全球风险水平。
结果：我们检索了13959项独特研究，其中697人符合选择标准,用于数据提取.全世界已记录了29种RFGB物种，其中27个已从63个蜱物种中鉴定出来，来自61种野生动物的12种，和十个来自家畜。16种RFGB物种导致人类感染，从1874年1月1日至2022年12月31日，累计报告26583例。复发疏螺旋体(17084例)和桃状疏螺旋体(2045例)在人感染中所占比例最高。Bmiyamotoi在所有RFGB中分布最广，预计环境适宜面积为6·92万km2，其次是Blonestari(1·69万km2)，Bcrocidurae(1.67亿平方公里)，和Bhermsii（1·4800万平方公里）。媒介蜱的生境适宜性指数与气候因子,比如年平均气温，在所有预测模型中，对四种主要RFGB物种的地理分布具有最显著的影响。
结论：预测的高风险区域比以前的报告要大得多。Identification,监视,和RFGB感染的诊断应优先在高风险地区，特别是在低收入地区。
背景：国家重点研发计划.
