PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The high environmental concentrations, persistence, and toxicity of synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) necessitate a better grasp of their fate in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). To investigate the importance of WWTPs as pathways of SMCs to the environment, air and wastewater samples were collected at four WWTPs in Ontario, Canada. Polycyclic musks (PCMs) were present at higher concentrations than nitro musks (NMs) and macrocyclic musks (MCMs). Three PCMs [galaxolide (HHCB), tonalide (AHTN), and iso-E super (OTNE)] were the most abundant compounds (0.30-680 ng/m3 in air, 0.40-15 μg/L in influent, and 0.007-6.0 μg/L in effluent). Analyses of multiyear data suggest that risk management measures put in place have been effective in reducing the release of many SMCs into the environment. The highest removal efficiency, up to almost 100% of some SMCs, was observed for the plant with the longest solid retention time. A fugacity-based model was established to simulate the transport and fate of SMCs in the WWTP, and good agreement was obtained between the measured and modeled values. These findings indicate that the levels of certain SMCs discharged into the atmospheric and aquatic environments were substantial, potentially resulting in exposure to both humans and wildlife.
摘要：
环境浓度高,持久性,合成麝香化合物（SMC）的毒性需要更好地掌握其在污水处理厂（WWTP）中的命运。为了研究污水处理厂作为SMC进入环境的途径的重要性，在安大略省的四个污水处理厂收集了空气和废水样品，加拿大。多环麝香（PCM）的浓度高于硝基麝香（NM）和大环麝香（MCM）。三个PCM[galaxolide（HHCB），托那利德（AHTN），和iso-Esuper（OTNE）]是最丰富的化合物（空气中0.30-680ng/m3，进水0.40-15μg/L，和出水0.007-6.0μg/L)。对多年数据的分析表明，风险管理措施已有效地减少了许多SMC释放到环境中。最高的去除效率，几乎100%的SMC，对于具有最长固体保留时间的植物观察到。建立了基于逸度的模型来模拟污水处理厂中SMC的运输和命运，并且在测量值和建模值之间获得了良好的一致性。这些发现表明，排放到大气和水生环境中的某些SMC的水平是相当大的，可能导致暴露于人类和野生动物。
