Abstract：
Alkaloids are naturally occurring compounds with complex structures found in natural plants. To further improve the understanding of plant alkaloids, this review focuses on the classification, toxicity and mechanisms of action, providing insight into the occurrence of alkaloid-poisoning events and guiding the safe use of alkaloids in food, supplements and clinical applications. Based on their chemical structure, alkaloids can be divided into organic amines, diterpenoids, pyridines, isoquinolines, indoles, pyrrolidines, steroids, imidazoles and purines. The mechanisms of toxicity of alkaloids, including neurotoxicity, hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity and cytotoxicity, have also been reviewed. Some cases of alkaloid poisoning have been introduced when used as food or clinically, including accidental food poisoning, excessive consumption, and poisoning caused by the improper use of alkaloids in a clinical setting, and the importance of safety evaluation was illustrated. This review summarizes the toxicity and mechanism of action of alkaloids and provides evidence for the need for the safe use of alkaloids in food, supplements and clinical applications.
摘要：
生物碱是在天然植物中发现的具有复杂结构的天然存在的化合物。进一步提高对植物生物碱的认识,这篇综述侧重于分类，毒性和作用机制，深入了解生物碱中毒事件的发生，并指导食品中生物碱的安全使用，补充剂和临床应用。根据它们的化学结构,生物碱可分为有机胺，二萜,吡啶,异喹啉,吲哚,吡咯烷,类固醇,咪唑和嘌呤。生物碱的毒性机制，包括神经毒性,肝毒性，肾毒性，心脏毒性和细胞毒性，也被审查过。一些生物碱中毒的病例被用作食物或临床使用时，包括意外食物中毒,过度消费,以及临床环境中生物碱使用不当引起的中毒，说明了安全评价的重要性。这篇综述总结了生物碱的毒性和作用机理，并为生物碱在食品中的安全使用提供了证据。补充剂和临床应用。
