Abstract：
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are retroviruses of great importance for domestic cats with a worldwide distribution. A retrospective study was conducted to determine the epidemiological and clinicopathological aspects of the infection by FIV and FeLV in cats from the Brazilian semiarid region. Cats treated between 2011 and 2021 at the teaching veterinary hospital of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region that were submitted to a point-of-care (POC) test to detect anti-FIV IgG antibodies and FeLV antigen were enrolled in the study. Overall, 454 cats were selected, of which 30.2% [95% CI = 26.0% - 34.3%] were FIV-positive, 1.1% [95% CI = 0.9% - 1.2%] were FeLV-positive, and 0.7% [95% CI = 0.1% - 1.3%] were coinfected by both retroviruses. No statistical association was found between the studied retroviruses (P = 0.144). Multivariable analysis detected significant associations between FIV infection and male sex [OR = 5.7, 95% CI = 3.0-10.7, P < 0.0001), age between 19 and 78 months [OR = 5.2, 95% CI = 2.2-12.1, P < 0.0001], age greater than 78 months [OR = 12.8, 95% CI = 5.1-31.9, P < 0.0001], crossbreed [OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1.2-13.4, P = 0.021], the presence of oral disease [OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.3-3.4, P = 0.004], reduced red blood cell (RBC) count [OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.9-7.2, P < 0.0001], and an albumin:globulin (A:G) ratio lower than 0.6 [OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.6-7.1, P = 0.001]. No statistical analyses were performed for FeLV infection due to the low number of positive animals. In the quantitative analyses of hematological parameters, FIV-positive cats presented lower values for RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocytes, and platelets compared to the negative animals. In the biochemical profile, cats infected with FIV showed higher creatinine, urea, total protein, and globulin values, while lower values for albumin and A:G ratio were observed (P < 0.05). The findings of this study characterized the prevalence, clinicopathological findings, and risk factors associated with FIV and FeLV in cats from the Brazilian semiarid region. They may help support veterinary practitioners in diagnosing feline retroviruses. The FIV prevalence observed is among the highest reported in Brazil, demonstrating the need for prevention and control strategies for this retrovirus.
摘要：
猫免疫缺陷病毒（FIV）和猫白血病病毒（FeLV）是对家猫非常重要的逆转录病毒，分布在世界各地。进行了一项回顾性研究，以确定巴西半干旱地区猫FIV和FeLV感染的流行病学和临床病理方面。2011年至2021年在半干旱地区联邦农村大学教学兽医医院接受治疗的猫被纳入研究，这些猫接受了现场护理（POC）测试以检测抗FIVIgG抗体和FeLV抗原。总的来说,选择了454只猫，其中30.2%[95%CI=26.0%-34.3%]为FIV阳性，1.1%[95%CI=0.9%-1.2%]为FeLV阳性，0.7%[95%CI=0.1%-1.3%]被两种逆转录病毒共感染。研究的逆转录病毒之间没有发现统计学关联（P=0.144）。多变量分析发现，FIV感染与男性之间存在显着关联[OR=5.7，95％CI=3.0-10.7，P<0.0001），年龄在19至78个月之间[OR=5.2，95%CI=2.2-12.1，P<0.0001]，年龄大于78个月[OR=12.8，95%CI=5.1-31.9，P<0.0001]，杂交品种[OR=4.1，95%CI=1.2-13.4，P=0.021]，口腔疾病的存在[OR=2.1，95%CI=1.3-3.4，P=0.004]，减少的红细胞（RBC）计数[OR=3.7，95％CI=1.9-7.2，P<0.0001]，白蛋白:球蛋白(A:G)比值低于0.6[OR=3.4,95%CI=1.6-7.1,P=0.001]。由于阳性动物数量少,未对FeLV感染进行统计分析。在血液学参数的定量分析中，FIV阳性猫的红细胞值较低，血红蛋白,血细胞比容,淋巴细胞，和与阴性动物相比的血小板。在生化档案中，感染FIV的猫显示出更高的肌酐，尿素,总蛋白质，和球蛋白值，而白蛋白和A：G比值较低（P<0.05）。这项研究的结果描述了患病率，临床病理发现，以及与巴西半干旱地区猫的FIV和FeLV相关的危险因素。它们可以帮助兽医医生诊断猫逆转录病毒。观察到的FIV患病率是巴西报告的最高患病率之一，证明了这种逆转录病毒的预防和控制策略的必要性。
