Abstract：
Water safety concerns are increasing tremendously as a result of the rising population and environmental pollution. As a result, viable water treatment approaches need to be designed to meet the water consumption demands of the population, particularly in developing countries. The recent technological advances in water treatment and purification are well articulated in this review. The efficiency of the materials used for purification and their affordability for people living in rural and remote settlements in various parts of the world have been discussed. Water treatment techniques prior to the rapid advancement of science and technology included a variety of strategies such as coagulation/flocculation, filtration, disinfection, flotation and pH correction. The use of nanotechnology in water treatment and purification has modernized the purification process. Therefore, efficient removal of microbes such as bacteria and viruses are exquisitely accomplished. These technologies may include membrane filtration, ultraviolet irradiation, advanced oxidation ion-exchange and biological filtration technologies. Thus, nanotechnology allows for the fabrication of less expensive systems, allowing even low-income people to benefit from it. Most developing countries find these technologies particularly valuable because access to clean and safe water for drinking and residential needs is critical. This is because access to municipal water supplies is also difficult. This article is categorized under: Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
摘要：
由于人口和环境污染的增加，对水安全的关注正在急剧增加。因此,需要设计可行的水处理方法以满足人口的用水需求，特别是在发展中国家。这篇综述很好地阐述了水处理和净化方面的最新技术进步。已经讨论了用于净化的材料的效率及其对生活在世界各地农村和偏远定居点的人们的负担能力。在科学技术飞速发展之前的水处理技术包括多种策略，例如混凝/絮凝，过滤,消毒,浮选和pH值校正。纳米技术在水处理和净化中的使用使净化过程现代化。因此,细菌和病毒等微生物的有效去除已完成。这些技术可能包括膜过滤，紫外线照射,先进的氧化离子交换和生物过滤技术。因此，纳米技术允许制造更便宜的系统，即使是低收入人群也能从中受益。大多数发展中国家认为这些技术特别有价值，因为获得清洁和安全的饮用水来满足饮用水和居住需求至关重要。这是因为获得市政供水也很困难。本文分为：纳米医学中的毒理学和监管问题>纳米材料诊断工具的毒理学>体内纳米诊断和成像。
