Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) procedures are designed to lessen dimensional changes in the alveolar ridge after tooth extraction. Wound healing after ridge preservation involves the formation of new vital bone in the former socket, and this vital bone is important in the osseointegration of dental implants.
METHODS: A series of ARP studies have been performed to help clinicians better understand the wound-healing events that occur following tooth extraction and ridge preservation. Different protocols have been examined using various materials and periods of healing time prior to implant placement. The primary aim of these studies was to ascertain the relative percentage of vital bone formation, residual graft material, and connective tissue (CT)/other at the healing site using histomorphometric examination of bone core biopsies obtained during osteotomy preparation.
RESULTS: For allografts, the use of demineralized bone alone or in combination with mineralized is associated with more vital bone formation than the use of mineralized allograft alone. For mineralized allografts, the use of cortical versus cancellous bone has only minimal impact on new bone formation. Xenografts from bovine and porcine sources appear to have similar vital bone formation. Longer healing times prior to implant placement are associated with increased vital bone formation and decreased residual graft material. The most stable component in most studies is the percentage of CT/other.
CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of vital bone and residual graft at ARP sites is dependent on the materials used and the length of healing time prior to obtaining core biopsies.
CONCLUSIONS: What factors may affect the amount of new bone at the ARP site? At a time point about 4 months after ARP, the type of graft material used for ARP plays a large role in new bone formation. Studies focus on means and standard deviations, but patients often do not \"follow the mean.\" Even if a single ARP protocol is used for all patients, there is great interindividual variability in new bone formation, and there is often variability between sites within a single patient. How long after ARP with an allograft should I wait to place an implant? Longer healing times such as 4-5 months generally provide higher amounts of vital bone formation than shorter healing times like 2-3 months. Differences in vital bone formation between ARP protocols tend to decrease with longer healing time. FDBA that contains demineralized bone, either alone or combined with mineralized FDBA, often provides higher amounts of new bone formation than 100% mineralized allograft, especially at shorter healing periods. Even a year after ARP with an allograft, residual graft material is often still present at the ARP site.
METHODS: A series of ARP studies have been performed to help clinicians better understand the wound-healing events that occur following tooth extraction and ridge preservation. Different protocols have been examined using various materials and periods of healing time prior to implant placement. The primary aim of these studies was to ascertain the relative percentage of vital bone formation, residual graft material, and connective tissue (CT)/other at the healing site using histomorphometric examination of bone core biopsies obtained during osteotomy preparation.
RESULTS: For allografts, the use of demineralized bone alone or in combination with mineralized is associated with more vital bone formation than the use of mineralized allograft alone. For mineralized allografts, the use of cortical versus cancellous bone has only minimal impact on new bone formation. Xenografts from bovine and porcine sources appear to have similar vital bone formation. Longer healing times prior to implant placement are associated with increased vital bone formation and decreased residual graft material. The most stable component in most studies is the percentage of CT/other.
CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of vital bone and residual graft at ARP sites is dependent on the materials used and the length of healing time prior to obtaining core biopsies.
CONCLUSIONS: What factors may affect the amount of new bone at the ARP site? At a time point about 4 months after ARP, the type of graft material used for ARP plays a large role in new bone formation. Studies focus on means and standard deviations, but patients often do not \"follow the mean.\" Even if a single ARP protocol is used for all patients, there is great interindividual variability in new bone formation, and there is often variability between sites within a single patient. How long after ARP with an allograft should I wait to place an implant? Longer healing times such as 4-5 months generally provide higher amounts of vital bone formation than shorter healing times like 2-3 months. Differences in vital bone formation between ARP protocols tend to decrease with longer healing time. FDBA that contains demineralized bone, either alone or combined with mineralized FDBA, often provides higher amounts of new bone formation than 100% mineralized allograft, especially at shorter healing periods. Even a year after ARP with an allograft, residual graft material is often still present at the ARP site.
摘要：
背景：牙槽脊保留（ARP）程序旨在减少拔牙后牙槽脊的尺寸变化。保留脊后的伤口愈合涉及在前腔中形成新的重要骨，这种重要的骨骼在牙科植入物的骨整合中很重要。
方法：已经进行了一系列ARP研究，以帮助临床医生更好地了解拔牙和保留牙脊后发生的伤口愈合事件。已经使用各种材料和植入物放置之前的愈合时间检查了不同的方案。这些研究的主要目的是确定重要骨形成的相对百分比，残余移植材料，使用截骨准备过程中获得的骨核心活检的组织形态计量学检查，以及愈合部位的结缔组织（CT）/其他。
结果：对于同种异体移植物，与单独使用矿化同种异体骨相比，单独使用去矿化骨或与矿化骨结合使用与更重要的骨形成相关。对于矿化的同种异体移植物，皮质骨与松质骨的使用对新骨形成的影响很小.来自牛和猪来源的异种移植物似乎具有相似的重要骨形成。植入物放置之前较长的愈合时间与增加的重要骨形成和减少的残余移植材料有关。大多数研究中最稳定的成分是CT/其他的百分比。
结论：ARP部位的重要骨和残余移植物的百分比取决于所使用的材料和获得核心活检前的愈合时间。
结论：什么因素可能影响ARP部位的新骨数量？在ARP后约4个月的时间点，用于ARP的移植材料类型在新骨形成中起着重要作用。研究的重点是均值和标准差，但患者往往不“遵循平均。“即使对所有患者使用单一ARP协议，新骨形成有很大的个体差异，并且单个患者的部位之间通常存在差异。使用同种异体移植ARP后，我应该等待多久才能放置植入物？较长的愈合时间（如4-5个月）通常比较短的愈合时间（如2-3个月）提供更多的重要骨形成。ARP方案之间重要骨形成的差异倾向于随着愈合时间的延长而减少。含有去矿质骨的FDBA,单独或与矿化FDBA结合，通常比100％矿化的同种异体移植提供更大量的新骨形成，特别是在较短的愈合期。即使在ARP同种异体移植后一年，残留的移植材料通常仍然存在于ARP部位。
方法：已经进行了一系列ARP研究，以帮助临床医生更好地了解拔牙和保留牙脊后发生的伤口愈合事件。已经使用各种材料和植入物放置之前的愈合时间检查了不同的方案。这些研究的主要目的是确定重要骨形成的相对百分比，残余移植材料，使用截骨准备过程中获得的骨核心活检的组织形态计量学检查，以及愈合部位的结缔组织（CT）/其他。
结果：对于同种异体移植物，与单独使用矿化同种异体骨相比，单独使用去矿化骨或与矿化骨结合使用与更重要的骨形成相关。对于矿化的同种异体移植物，皮质骨与松质骨的使用对新骨形成的影响很小.来自牛和猪来源的异种移植物似乎具有相似的重要骨形成。植入物放置之前较长的愈合时间与增加的重要骨形成和减少的残余移植材料有关。大多数研究中最稳定的成分是CT/其他的百分比。
结论：ARP部位的重要骨和残余移植物的百分比取决于所使用的材料和获得核心活检前的愈合时间。
结论：什么因素可能影响ARP部位的新骨数量？在ARP后约4个月的时间点，用于ARP的移植材料类型在新骨形成中起着重要作用。研究的重点是均值和标准差，但患者往往不“遵循平均。“即使对所有患者使用单一ARP协议，新骨形成有很大的个体差异，并且单个患者的部位之间通常存在差异。使用同种异体移植ARP后，我应该等待多久才能放置植入物？较长的愈合时间（如4-5个月）通常比较短的愈合时间（如2-3个月）提供更多的重要骨形成。ARP方案之间重要骨形成的差异倾向于随着愈合时间的延长而减少。含有去矿质骨的FDBA,单独或与矿化FDBA结合，通常比100％矿化的同种异体移植提供更大量的新骨形成，特别是在较短的愈合期。即使在ARP同种异体移植后一年，残留的移植材料通常仍然存在于ARP部位。
