Abstract：
Zoonotic Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) causes fatal encephalitis in humans and animals. Subsequent to the detection of two paediatric cases in a Bavarian municipality in Germany within three years, we conducted an interdisciplinary One Health investigation. We aimed to explore seroprevalence in a local human population with a risk for BoDV-1 exposure as well as viral presence in environmental samples from local sites and BoDV-1 prevalence within the local small mammal population and its natural reservoir, the bicoloured white-toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon).
The municipality\'s adult residents participated in an anonymised sero-epidemiological study. Potential risk factors and clinical symptoms were assessed by an electronic questionnaire. Small mammals, environmental samples and ticks from the municipality were tested for BoDV-1-RNA. Shrew-derived BoDV-1-sequences together with sequences of the two human cases were phylogenetically analysed.
In total, 679 citizens participated (response: 41 %), of whom 38 % reported shrews in their living environment and 19 % direct shrew contact. No anti-BoDV-1 antibodies were detected in human samples. BoDV-1-RNA was also undetectable in 38 environmental samples and 336 ticks. Of 220 collected shrews, twelve of 40 C. leucodon (30%) tested BoDV-1-RNA-positive. BoDV-1-sequences from the previously diagnosed two paediatric patients belonged to two different subclades, that were also present in shrews from the municipality.
Our data support the interpretation that human BoDV-1 infections are rare even in endemic areas and primarily manifest as severe encephalitis. Sequence analysis linked both previous paediatric human infections to the local shrew population, but indicated independent infection sources.
The project was partly financed by funds of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant numbers: 01KI2005A, 01KI2005C, 01KI1722A, 01KI1722C, 01KI2002 to MaBe, DR, RGU, DT, BS) as well as by the ReForM-A programme of the University Hospital Regensburg (to MaBa) and by funds of the Bavarian State Ministry of Health, Care and Prevention, project \"Zoonotic Bornavirus Focal Point Bavaria - ZooBoFo\" (to MaBa, MaBe, BS, MMB, DR, PS, RGU).
The municipality\'s adult residents participated in an anonymised sero-epidemiological study. Potential risk factors and clinical symptoms were assessed by an electronic questionnaire. Small mammals, environmental samples and ticks from the municipality were tested for BoDV-1-RNA. Shrew-derived BoDV-1-sequences together with sequences of the two human cases were phylogenetically analysed.
In total, 679 citizens participated (response: 41 %), of whom 38 % reported shrews in their living environment and 19 % direct shrew contact. No anti-BoDV-1 antibodies were detected in human samples. BoDV-1-RNA was also undetectable in 38 environmental samples and 336 ticks. Of 220 collected shrews, twelve of 40 C. leucodon (30%) tested BoDV-1-RNA-positive. BoDV-1-sequences from the previously diagnosed two paediatric patients belonged to two different subclades, that were also present in shrews from the municipality.
Our data support the interpretation that human BoDV-1 infections are rare even in endemic areas and primarily manifest as severe encephalitis. Sequence analysis linked both previous paediatric human infections to the local shrew population, but indicated independent infection sources.
The project was partly financed by funds of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant numbers: 01KI2005A, 01KI2005C, 01KI1722A, 01KI1722C, 01KI2002 to MaBe, DR, RGU, DT, BS) as well as by the ReForM-A programme of the University Hospital Regensburg (to MaBa) and by funds of the Bavarian State Ministry of Health, Care and Prevention, project \"Zoonotic Bornavirus Focal Point Bavaria - ZooBoFo\" (to MaBa, MaBe, BS, MMB, DR, PS, RGU).
摘要：
背景：人畜共患博尔纳病病毒1（BoDV-1）在人和动物中引起致命的脑炎。在三年内在德国巴伐利亚市发现了两例儿科病例之后，我们进行了一项跨学科的OneHealth调查。我们旨在探索当地人群中BoDV-1暴露风险的血清阳性率，以及来自当地地点的环境样本中的病毒存在，以及当地小哺乳动物种群及其天然水库中BoDV-1的流行率。双色白齿泼妇（Crociduraleukodon）。
方法：该市成年居民参与了一项匿名血清流行病学研究。通过电子问卷评估潜在的危险因素和临床症状。小型哺乳动物,测试了环境样品和城市的蜱的BoDV-1-RNA。对来自泼妇的BoDV-1序列以及两个人类病例的序列进行了系统发育分析。
结果：总计，679名公民参加（答复：41%），其中38%的人报告说，他们的生活环境中有泼妇，19%的人直接接触泼妇。在人样品中没有检测到抗BoDV-1抗体。BoDV-1-RNA在38个环境样品和336个蜱中也检测不到。在220只收集的泼妇中，40个中的12个C.lekypodon(30%)检测BoDV-1-RNA阳性。来自先前诊断的两名儿科患者的BoDV-1序列属于两个不同的子分支，也存在于市政当局的sh中。
结论：我们的数据支持人类BoDV-1感染即使在流行地区也很少见，主要表现为严重脑炎的解释。序列分析将先前的儿科人类感染与当地的rew人口联系起来，但指出独立的感染源。
背景：该项目部分由德国联邦教育与研究部资助（资助编号：01KI2005A，01KI2005C,01KI1722A,01KI1722C,01KI2002toMaBe,DR,RGU,DT,BS）以及雷根斯堡大学医院的ReForM-A计划（至MaBa）和巴伐利亚州卫生部的资金，护理和预防,项目“人畜共患病博尔纳病毒巴伐利亚-ZooBoFo”(至MaBa，MaBe,BS,MMB,DR,PS,RGU)。
方法：该市成年居民参与了一项匿名血清流行病学研究。通过电子问卷评估潜在的危险因素和临床症状。小型哺乳动物,测试了环境样品和城市的蜱的BoDV-1-RNA。对来自泼妇的BoDV-1序列以及两个人类病例的序列进行了系统发育分析。
结果：总计，679名公民参加（答复：41%），其中38%的人报告说，他们的生活环境中有泼妇，19%的人直接接触泼妇。在人样品中没有检测到抗BoDV-1抗体。BoDV-1-RNA在38个环境样品和336个蜱中也检测不到。在220只收集的泼妇中，40个中的12个C.lekypodon(30%)检测BoDV-1-RNA阳性。来自先前诊断的两名儿科患者的BoDV-1序列属于两个不同的子分支，也存在于市政当局的sh中。
结论：我们的数据支持人类BoDV-1感染即使在流行地区也很少见，主要表现为严重脑炎的解释。序列分析将先前的儿科人类感染与当地的rew人口联系起来，但指出独立的感染源。
背景：该项目部分由德国联邦教育与研究部资助（资助编号：01KI2005A，01KI2005C,01KI1722A,01KI1722C,01KI2002toMaBe,DR,RGU,DT,BS）以及雷根斯堡大学医院的ReForM-A计划（至MaBa）和巴伐利亚州卫生部的资金，护理和预防,项目“人畜共患病博尔纳病毒巴伐利亚-ZooBoFo”(至MaBa，MaBe,BS,MMB,DR,PS,RGU)。
