Abstract：
Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is perceived as a global issue regardless of the place of waste generation. The amount of unmanaged waste is increasing rapidly, along with its impact on the environment and human health. In hilly areas, specifically the North Eastern Region (NER) states of India, due to the unique topography coupled with socio-economic factors, there are inadequate waste management practices marked by insufficient infrastructure, minimal research studies, and limited data availability. This paper comprehensively reviews the existing status of MSWM practices and waste treatment technologies, identifies the challenges, and discusses the prospective approaches for MSWM in NER states of India. NER, is characterized by its hilly terrain and has the most diverse demographic profile in the country. The study highlights the notable increase in waste generation in the urban population in NER. The total amount of waste generated in NER is about 2907 tons per day, with a collection rate of 86.96%, treatment at 31.09%, and landfilling at 33.67%. The biodegradable fraction makes up the majority of waste composition (more than 50%) in NER, followed by recyclables and inert. The existing MSWM consists of waste collection, transportation, and disposal with limited source segregation and treatment. All the states of NER practice open dumping and burning as the primary waste treatment and disposal system. The study discusses the challenges and prospects to ensure effective MSWM in NER. This review is a region-specific study that considers cultural diversity, topography, and socio-economic dynamics. The outcome of this review will be helpful to the researchers and policymakers in making appropriate waste management plans and improve the MSWM system in NER.
摘要：
无论废物产生的地点如何，城市固体废物管理（MSWM）都被视为全球性问题。非管理废物的数量正在迅速增加，以及它对环境和人类健康的影响。在丘陵地区，特别是印度的东北地区（NER），由于独特的地形加上社会经济因素，基础设施不足，废物管理实践不足，最少的研究，和有限的数据可用性。本文全面回顾了城市生活垃圾治理实践和垃圾处理技术的现状，识别挑战，并讨论了印度NER州MSWM的前瞻性方法。NER,其特点是丘陵地形，并具有全国最多样化的人口概况。该研究强调了NER城市人口中废物产生的显着增加。NER产生的废物总量约为每天2907吨，收缴率为86.96%，治疗为31.09%，填埋率为33.67%。可生物降解的部分构成了NER中的大部分废物成分（超过50％），其次是可回收物和惰性物。现有的MSWM包括废物收集，交通运输,和处置有限的来源隔离和处理。NER的所有州都将开放式倾倒和燃烧作为主要的废物处理和处置系统。该研究讨论了确保NER有效MSWM的挑战和前景。这篇综述是一项针对特定地区的研究，考虑了文化多样性，地形,和社会经济动态。这项审查的结果将有助于研究人员和决策者制定适当的废物管理计划并改善NER中的MSWM系统。
