Abstract：
A relative of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), weedy or red rice (Oryza spp.) is currently recognized as the dominant weed, leading to a drastic loss of yield of cultivated rice due to its highly competitive abilities like producing more tillers, panicles, and biomass with better nutrient uptake. Due to its high nutritional value, antioxidant properties (anthocyanin and proanthocyanin), and nutrient absorption ability, weedy rice is gaining immense research attentions to understand its genetic constitution to augment future breeding strategies and to develop nutrition-rich functional foods. Consequently, this review focuses on the unique gene source of weedy rice to enhance the cultivated rice for its crucial features like water use efficiency, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, early flowering, and the red pericarp of the seed. It explores the debating issues on the origin and evolution of weedy rice, including its high diversity, signalling aspects, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping under stress conditions, the intricacy of the mechanism in the expression of the gene flow, and ecological challenges of nutrient removal by weedy rice. This review may create a foundation for future researchers to understand the gene flow between cultivated crops and weedy traits and support an improved approach for the applicability of several models in predicting multiomics variables.
摘要：
栽培稻（OryzasativaL.）的亲戚，杂草或红色水稻（Oryzaspp。)是目前公认的优势杂草，由于其高度的竞争力，如生产更多的分till，导致栽培稻的产量急剧下降，圆锥花序,和生物量具有更好的养分吸收。由于其营养价值高，抗氧化性能（花青素和原花青素），和营养吸收能力，杂草稻正在获得广泛的研究关注，以了解其遗传构成，以增强未来的育种策略并开发营养丰富的功能性食品。因此,本文重点介绍杂草稻的独特基因来源，以提高栽培稻的水分利用效率等关键特征，非生物和生物胁迫耐受性，早期开花，和种子的红色果皮。它探讨了关于杂草稻起源和进化的辩论问题，包括它的高度多样性，信号方面，胁迫条件下的数量性状基因座（QTL）定位，基因流表达机制的复杂性，杂草稻对养分去除的生态挑战。这篇评论可能为未来的研究人员了解栽培作物和杂草性状之间的基因流奠定基础，并支持一种改进的方法来预测多种模型变量。
