PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is a complex and multifaceted condition that affects astronauts during and after their missions in space. This comprehensive review delves into the various aspects of SANS, providing a thorough understanding of its definition, historical context, clinical presentation, epidemiology, diagnostic techniques, preventive measures, and management strategies. Various ocular and neurological symptoms, including visual impairment, optic disc edema, choroidal folds, retinal changes, and increased intracranial pressure, characterize SANS. While microgravity is a primary driver of SANS, other factors like radiation exposure, genetic predisposition, and environmental conditions within spacecraft contribute to its development. The duration of space missions is a significant factor, with longer missions associated with a higher incidence of SANS. This review explores the diagnostic criteria and variability in SANS presentation, shedding light on early detection and management challenges. The epidemiology section provides insights into the occurrence frequency, affected astronauts\' demographics, and differences between long-term and short-term missions. Diagnostic tools, including ophthalmological assessments and imaging techniques, are crucial in monitoring astronaut health during missions. Preventive measures are vital in mitigating the impact of SANS. Current strategies, ongoing research in prevention methods, lifestyle and behavioral factors, and the potential role of artificial gravity are discussed in detail. Additionally, the review delves into interventions, potential pharmacological treatments, rehabilitation, and long-term management considerations for astronauts with SANS. The conclusion underscores the importance of continued research in SANS, addressing ongoing challenges, and highlighting unanswered questions. With the expansion of human space exploration, understanding and managing SANS is imperative to ensure the health and well-being of astronauts during long-duration missions. This review is a valuable resource for researchers, healthcare professionals, and space agencies striving to enhance our knowledge and address the complexities of SANS.
摘要：
太空相关的神经眼综合征（SANS）是一种复杂而多方面的疾病，会影响宇航员在太空任务期间和之后。这篇全面的综述深入探讨了SANS的各个方面，提供对其定义的透彻理解，历史背景,临床表现,流行病学,诊断技术,预防措施,和管理策略。各种眼部和神经系统症状，包括视力障碍,视神经盘水肿,脉络膜褶皱,视网膜变化,颅内压升高,表征SANS。虽然微重力是SANS的主要驱动力，其他因素，如辐射暴露，遗传易感性,航天器内的环境条件有助于其发展。空间飞行任务的持续时间是一个重要因素,任务时间较长，SANS发生率较高。这篇综述探讨了SANS演示中的诊断标准和变异性，揭示早期检测和管理挑战。流行病学部分提供了对发生频率的见解，影响宇航员的人口统计学，以及长期和短期任务之间的差异。诊断工具,包括眼科评估和成像技术，在执行任务期间监测宇航员的健康状况至关重要。预防措施对于减轻SANS的影响至关重要。目前的战略,正在进行的预防方法研究，生活方式和行为因素，并详细讨论了人工重力的潜在作用。此外,审查深入研究了干预措施，潜在的药物治疗，康复,以及SANS宇航员的长期管理考虑。结论强调了在SANS继续研究的重要性，应对持续的挑战，突出未回答的问题。随着人类太空探索的扩展，了解和管理SANS对于确保长期任务中宇航员的健康和福祉至关重要。这篇综述是研究人员的宝贵资源，医疗保健专业人员,和太空机构努力增强我们的知识并解决SANS的复杂性。
