PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Lichens are combinations of two symbiotic organisms, a green alga or cyanobacterium and a fungus. They grow in nearly all terrestrial ecosystems and survive in habitats, which are very dry or cold, or too poor in nutrients to maintain vegetation growth. Because lichens grow on visible surfaces and exhibit spectral properties, which are clearly different from, for example, vegetation, it is possible to distinguish them in remote sensing data. In this first systematic review article on remote sensing of lichens, we analyze and summarize which lichen species or genera, and in which habitats and geographical regions, have been remotely sensed, and which remote sensing or spectroscopic technologies have been used. We found that laboratory or in situ measured spectra of over 70 lichen species have been reported to date. We show that studies on remote sensing of lichens fall under seven broad themes: (1) collection of lichen spectra for quantification of lichen species or characteristics, (2) pollution monitoring with lichens as ecological indicators, (3) geological and lithological mapping, (4) desert and dryland monitoring, (5) animal habitat monitoring, (6) land cover or vegetation mapping, and (7) surface energy budget modeling.
摘要：
地衣是两种共生生物的组合，绿藻或蓝细菌和真菌。它们生长在几乎所有的陆地生态系统中，并在栖息地生存，非常干燥或寒冷，或者营养太差，无法维持植被生长。因为地衣在可见的表面上生长并表现出光谱特性，明显不同于，例如,植被,可以在遥感数据中区分它们。在这篇关于地衣遥感的系统综述文章中，我们分析和总结了哪些地衣物种或属，栖息地和地理区域，已经被遥感了，以及使用了哪些遥感或光谱技术。我们发现，迄今为止，已经报道了70多种地衣物种的实验室或原位测量光谱。我们表明，地衣遥感研究属于七个广泛的主题：（1）收集地衣光谱以量化地衣物种或特征，(2)以地衣为生态指标的污染监测,(3)地质岩性填图,(4)沙漠和旱地监测，（5）动物栖息地监测，(6)土地覆盖或植被测绘；(7)表面能量预算建模。
