PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Liver pathologies remain one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite a high prevalence of liver diseases, the possibilities of diagnosing, prognosing, and treating non-alcoholic and alcoholic liver diseases still have a number of limitations and require the development of new methods and approaches. In laboratory studies, various models are used to reconstitute the pathological conditions of the liver, including cell cultures, spheroids, organoids, microfluidic systems, tissue slices. We reviewed the most commonly used in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo models for studying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, toxic liver injury, and fibrosis, described their advantages, limitations, and prospects for use. Great emphasis was placed on the mechanisms of development of pathological conditions in each model, as well as the assessment of the possibility of reconstructing various key aspects of pathogenesis for all these pathologies. There is currently no consensus on the choice of the most adequate model for studying liver pathology. The choice of a certain effective research model is determined by the specific purpose and objectives of the experiment.
摘要：
肝病仍然是全世界死亡的主要原因之一。尽管肝病的患病率很高，诊断的可能性，预后,和治疗非酒精性和酒精性肝病仍然有许多局限性，需要开发新的方法和途径。在实验室研究中,各种模型被用来重建肝脏的病理状况，包括细胞培养,球体,类器官，微流体系统，组织切片。我们回顾了体内最常用的，在体外，以及用于研究非酒精性脂肪肝和酒精性肝病的离体模型，中毒性肝损伤，和纤维化，描述了他们的优势，局限性,和使用前景。非常重视每个模型中病理状况的发展机制，以及重建所有这些病理的发病机制的各种关键方面的可能性的评估。目前对于选择用于研究肝脏病理学的最适当的模型没有共识。某一有效研究模型的选择取决于实验的具体目的和目标。
