Abstract：
Free-living amoebae (FLA) include amphizoic microorganisms important in public health, widely isolated from air, water, and soil. However, its occurrence in sewage-related environments still needs to be systematically documented. This study summarizes the occurrence of FLA in sewage-related environments through a systematic review with meta-analysis. A total of 1983 scientific article were retrieved from different databases, of which 35 were selected and analyzed using a random effects forest plot model with a 95% confidence interval (IC). The pooled overall prevalence of FLA in sewage across 12 countries was 68.96% (95% IC = 58.5-79.42). Subgroup analysis indicates high prevalence in all environments analyzed, including sewage water from the sewage treatment plant (81.19%), treated sewage water (75.57%), sewage-contaminated water (67.70%), sediment contaminated by sewage (48.91%), and sewage water (47.84%). Prevalence values of Acanthamoeba spp., Hartmanella/Vermamoeba spp., and Naegleria spp. are 47.48%, 28.24%, and 16.69%, respectively. Analyzing the species level, the distribution is as follows: Acanthamoeba palestinensis (88%), A. castellanii (23.74%), A. astronyxis (19.18%), A. polyphaga (13.59%), A. culbertsoni (12.5%), A. stevensoni (8.33%), A. tubiashi (4.35%) and A. hatchetti (1.1%), Naegleria fowleri (28.4%), N. gruberi (25%), N. clarki (8.33%), N. australiensis (4.89%) and N. italica (4.29%), Hartmannella/Vermamoeba exundans (40%) and H.V. vermiform (32.61%). Overall, our findings indicate a high risk associated with sewage-related environments, as the prevalence of FLA, including pathogenic strains, is high, even in treated sewage water. The findings of this study may be valuable both for risk remediation actions against amoebic infections and for future research endeavors.
摘要：
自由生活的变形虫（FLA）包括在公共卫生中重要的两栖微生物，与空气隔绝，水,和土壤。然而,它在污水相关环境中的发生仍然需要系统地记录。本研究通过系统评价和荟萃分析总结了污水相关环境中FLA的发生。总共从不同的数据库中检索到1983年的科学论文，其中选择了35个，并使用具有95％置信区间（IC）的随机效应森林图模型进行了分析。12个国家的污水中FLA的总患病率为68.96％（95％IC=58.5-79.42）。亚组分析表明，在所有分析的环境中患病率高，包括污水处理厂的污水(81.19%)，处理过的污水(75.57%)，污水污染水(67.70%)，被污水污染的沉积物(48.91%)，和污水(47.84%)。棘阿米巴的患病率。,Hartmanella/Vermamoebaspp。,和Naegleriaspp.是47.48%，28.24%,和16.69%，分别。分析物种水平，分布如下:巴勒斯坦棘阿米巴(88%)，A.castellanii（23.74%），A.astronyxis（19.18%），A.polyphaga（13.59%），A.culbertsoni（12.5%），A.史蒂文森（8.33%），A.tubiashi(4.35%)和A.hatchetti(1.1%)，福氏Naegleria（28.4%），N.gruberi（25%），N.clarki（8.33%），澳大利亚N.(4.89%)和意大利N.(4.29%)，Hartmannella/Vermamoebaexundans（40%）和H.V.vermiform（32.61%）。总的来说,我们的研究结果表明，与污水相关的环境存在高风险，作为FLA的患病率，包括病原菌,是高的，即使在处理过的污水中。这项研究的发现对于针对阿米巴感染的风险补救措施以及未来的研究工作都可能是有价值的。
