Abstract：
Rodents are key reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens and play an important role in disease transmission to humans. Importantly, anthropogenic land-use change has been found to increase the abundance of rodents that thrive in human-built environments (synanthropic rodents), particularly rodent reservoirs of zoonotic disease. Anthropogenic environments also affect the microbiome of synanthropic wildlife, influencing wildlife health and potentially introducing novel pathogens. Our objective was to examine the effect of agricultural development and synanthropic habitat on microbiome diversity and the prevalence of zoonotic bacterial pathogens in wild Peromyscus mice to better understand the role of these rodents in pathogen maintenance and transmission. We conducted 16S amplicon sequencing on faecal samples using long-read nanopore sequencing technology to characterize the rodent microbiome. We compared microbiome diversity and composition between forest and synanthropic habitats in agricultural and undeveloped landscapes and screened for putative pathogenic bacteria. Microbiome richness, diversity, and evenness were higher in the agricultural landscape and synanthropic habitat compared to undeveloped-forest habitat. Microbiome composition also differed significantly between agricultural and undeveloped landscapes and forest and synanthropic habitats. We detected overall low diversity and abundance of putative pathogenic bacteria, though putative pathogens were more likely to be found in mice from the agricultural landscape. Our findings show that landscape- and habitat-level anthropogenic factors affect Peromyscus microbiomes and suggest that landscape-level agricultural development may be important to predict zoonotic pathogen prevalence. Ultimately, understanding how anthropogenic land-use change and synanthropy affect rodent microbiomes and pathogen prevalence is important to managing transmission of rodent-borne zoonotic diseases to humans.
摘要：
啮齿动物是人畜共患病原体的关键宿主，在疾病向人类传播中起着重要作用。重要的是,已发现人为的土地利用变化增加了在人为环境中繁殖的啮齿动物的数量（同人啮齿动物），特别是人畜共患疾病的啮齿动物水库。人为环境也会影响同人类野生动物的微生物组，影响野生动物健康，并可能引入新的病原体。我们的目的是研究农业发展和同食栖息地对野生Peromycus小鼠中微生物组多样性和人畜共患细菌病原体流行的影响，以更好地了解这些啮齿动物在病原体维持和传播中的作用。我们使用长读纳米孔测序技术对粪便样品进行16S扩增子测序以表征啮齿动物微生物组。我们比较了农业和未开发景观中森林和同体生境之间的微生物组多样性和组成，并筛选了推定的致病菌。微生物组丰富度，多样性,与未开发的森林栖息地相比，农业景观和同食栖息地的均匀度更高。农业和未开发的景观以及森林和同食生境之间的微生物组组成也存在显着差异。我们检测到推定病原菌的总体多样性和丰度较低，尽管推定的病原体更可能在农业景观中的小鼠中发现。我们的发现表明，景观和栖息地水平的人为因素会影响Peromescus微生物群，并表明景观水平的农业发展对于预测人畜共患病原体的流行可能很重要。最终,了解人为的土地利用变化和共生性如何影响啮齿动物的微生物群和病原体的流行对于管理啮齿动物传播的人畜共患疾病向人类的传播非常重要。
