PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Household income, a prominent socioeconomic status (SES) indicator, is known to mitigate youth engagement in various health risk behaviors, including tobacco use. Nevertheless, the Minorities\' Diminished Returns theory suggests that this protective effect may be less pronounced for racial and ethnic minorities compared to majority groups. This study aimed to investigate the protective role of high household income against tobacco use among youth and explore potential variations across different racial and ethnic groups.
UNASSIGNED: Conducted as a longitudinal analysis, this study utilized data from the initial three years of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study spanning 2016-2022. The cohort consisted of 11,875 American youth aged 9-10 years, tracked over a three-year period. The dependent variable was tobacco initiation, irrespective of the product, while household income served as the independent variable. Covariates included youth age, gender, family education, structure, and employment, with race/ethnicity acting as the moderating variable.
UNASSIGNED: Out of the 8,754 American youth who were non-smokers at baseline, 3.1% (n = 269) initiated tobacco use during the 30-month follow-up, while 96.9% (n = 8,485) remained non-smokers. A family income exceeding $100,000 per year was associated with a lower hazard ratio for tobacco initiation (transitioning to ever-use) over the follow-up period (HR = 0.620, p = 0.022). However, household income of $50-100k exhibited significant interactions with race/ethnicity on tobacco initiation, indicating weaker protective effects for Black (HR for interaction = 7.860, p < 0.001) and Latino (HR for interaction = 3.461, p = 0.001) youth compared to non-Latino White youth.
UNASSIGNED: Within the United States, the racialization and minoritization of youth diminish the protective effects of economic resources, such as high household income, against the transition to tobacco use. Non-Latino White youth, the most socially privileged group, experience greater protection from their elevated household income regarding tobacco initiation compared to Black and Latino youth, who face minoritization and racialization. Policymakers should address not only the SES gap but also the mechanisms contributing to the heightened risk of tobacco use among racialized and minoritized youth from affluent backgrounds.
UNASSIGNED: Conducted as a longitudinal analysis, this study utilized data from the initial three years of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study spanning 2016-2022. The cohort consisted of 11,875 American youth aged 9-10 years, tracked over a three-year period. The dependent variable was tobacco initiation, irrespective of the product, while household income served as the independent variable. Covariates included youth age, gender, family education, structure, and employment, with race/ethnicity acting as the moderating variable.
UNASSIGNED: Out of the 8,754 American youth who were non-smokers at baseline, 3.1% (n = 269) initiated tobacco use during the 30-month follow-up, while 96.9% (n = 8,485) remained non-smokers. A family income exceeding $100,000 per year was associated with a lower hazard ratio for tobacco initiation (transitioning to ever-use) over the follow-up period (HR = 0.620, p = 0.022). However, household income of $50-100k exhibited significant interactions with race/ethnicity on tobacco initiation, indicating weaker protective effects for Black (HR for interaction = 7.860, p < 0.001) and Latino (HR for interaction = 3.461, p = 0.001) youth compared to non-Latino White youth.
UNASSIGNED: Within the United States, the racialization and minoritization of youth diminish the protective effects of economic resources, such as high household income, against the transition to tobacco use. Non-Latino White youth, the most socially privileged group, experience greater protection from their elevated household income regarding tobacco initiation compared to Black and Latino youth, who face minoritization and racialization. Policymakers should address not only the SES gap but also the mechanisms contributing to the heightened risk of tobacco use among racialized and minoritized youth from affluent backgrounds.
摘要：
■家庭收入，一个突出的社会经济地位(SES)指标，众所周知，可以减轻年轻人对各种健康风险行为的参与，包括烟草的使用。然而，少数群体的收益减少理论表明，与多数群体相比，这种保护作用对于种族和族裔少数群体可能不太明显。这项研究旨在调查高家庭收入对青少年吸烟的保护作用，并探索不同种族和族裔群体的潜在差异。
■作为纵向分析进行，这项研究利用了2016-2022年青少年脑认知发育(ABCD)研究最初3年的数据.该队列包括11,875名9-10岁的美国青年，追踪了三年。因变量是烟草起始，不管是什么产品,而家庭收入则是自变量。协变量包括青年年龄，性别,家庭教育,结构,就业,种族/族裔作为调节变量。
■在基线时不吸烟的8,754名美国青年中，3.1%(n=269)在30个月的随访期间开始使用烟草，96.9%(n=8,485)仍不吸烟者。在随访期间，每年超过100,000美元的家庭收入与较低的烟草起始危害比（过渡到不断使用）相关（HR=0.620，p=0.022）。然而,50-100K美元的家庭收入在烟草开始时表现出与种族/民族的显着相互作用，表明与非拉丁裔白人青年相比，黑人（交互作用的HR=7.860，p<0.001）和拉丁裔（交互作用的HR=3.461，p=0.001）青年的保护作用较弱。
■在美国境内，青年的种族化和小型化削弱了经济资源的保护作用，比如高家庭收入，反对向烟草使用过渡。非拉丁裔白人青年，最有社会特权的群体，与黑人和拉丁裔青年相比，他们在开始吸烟方面的家庭收入得到了更大的保护，面临小人化和种族化的人。政策制定者不仅应解决SES差距，还应解决导致富裕背景的种族化和未成年人化青年吸烟风险增加的机制。
■作为纵向分析进行，这项研究利用了2016-2022年青少年脑认知发育(ABCD)研究最初3年的数据.该队列包括11,875名9-10岁的美国青年，追踪了三年。因变量是烟草起始，不管是什么产品,而家庭收入则是自变量。协变量包括青年年龄，性别,家庭教育,结构,就业,种族/族裔作为调节变量。
■在基线时不吸烟的8,754名美国青年中，3.1%(n=269)在30个月的随访期间开始使用烟草，96.9%(n=8,485)仍不吸烟者。在随访期间，每年超过100,000美元的家庭收入与较低的烟草起始危害比（过渡到不断使用）相关（HR=0.620，p=0.022）。然而,50-100K美元的家庭收入在烟草开始时表现出与种族/民族的显着相互作用，表明与非拉丁裔白人青年相比，黑人（交互作用的HR=7.860，p<0.001）和拉丁裔（交互作用的HR=3.461，p=0.001）青年的保护作用较弱。
■在美国境内，青年的种族化和小型化削弱了经济资源的保护作用，比如高家庭收入，反对向烟草使用过渡。非拉丁裔白人青年，最有社会特权的群体，与黑人和拉丁裔青年相比，他们在开始吸烟方面的家庭收入得到了更大的保护，面临小人化和种族化的人。政策制定者不仅应解决SES差距，还应解决导致富裕背景的种族化和未成年人化青年吸烟风险增加的机制。
