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Abstract：
To enhance sesame yield, it is important to utilize diverse parents in breeding programs and implement an effective selection procedure, which exploits the association of quantitative traits. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to explore the correlation among quantitative traits and assess genetic variability and diversity using both qualitative and quantitative traits. Correlation coefficients indicated a noteworthy (P < 0.001) positive phenotypic (rp) and genotypic (rg) correlation between seed yield and various traits: plant height (rp = 0.60; rg = 0.58), length of the capsule-bearing zone (rp = 0.77; rg = 0.80), number of capsules on the main stem (rp = 0.80; rg = 0.85), primary branches (rp = 0.66; rg = 0.66), and capsules per plant (rp = 0.90; rg = 0.91). In contrast, a negative correlation (P < 0.001) was observed between yield and bacterial blight disease severity, both phenotypically (rp = -0.60) and genotypically (rg = -0.76). The analysis of path coefficients indicated that the most substantial positive direct effect on yield (0.77) was attributed to capsules per plant, whereas other traits associated with yield exhibited a significant indirect influence on yield through capsules per plant. Qualitative traits exhibited diversity, except for plant growth type, plant growth habit, and stem branching. Shannon-Weaner (H) and Simpson (1-D) diversity indices were higher for interior corolla color (H = 1.63; 1-D = 0.66), seed color (H = 1.50; 1-D = 0.46), and capsule beak type (H = 1.08; 1-D = 0.50). The analysis of variance indicated a notable variation among the examined genotypes regarding quantitative traits, excluding internode length. The plant materials were divided into five clusters through cluster analysis, where clusters I to V consisted of 21, 29, 4, 4, and 6 genotypes, respectively. The current study has shown that the yield of sesame can be enhanced through indirect selection for traits associated with yield, particularly the highest number of capsules per plant. Furthermore, examinations of genetic diversity confirmed the presence of variability within the assessed genotypes, providing valuable insights for upcoming sesame breeding programs.
摘要：
为了提高芝麻产量，重要的是在育种计划中利用不同的亲本并实施有效的选择程序，利用数量性状的关联。因此,本实验的目的是探索数量性状之间的相关性，并使用定性和定量性状评估遗传变异性和多样性。相关系数表明种子产量与各种性状之间的表型（rp）和基因型（rg）正相关（P<0.001）：株高（rp=0.60；rg=0.58），含胶囊区的长度（rp=0.77；rg=0.80），主茎上的胶囊数（rp=0.80；rg=0.85），主要分支(rp=0.66；rg=0.66)，和每株植物的胶囊(rp=0.90;rg=0.91)。相比之下,产量与细菌性疫病严重程度之间呈负相关（P<0.001），表型（rp=-0.60）和基因型（rg=-0.76）。对路径系数的分析表明，对产量的最实质性的积极直接影响（0.77）归因于每株植物的胶囊，而与产量相关的其他性状通过每株植物的胶囊对产量表现出显着的间接影响。定性性状表现出多样性，除了植物生长类型，植物生长习性,和茎分枝。内部花冠颜色的Shannon-Weaner（H）和Simpson（1-D）多样性指数较高（H=1.63；1-D=0.66），种子颜色(H=1.50；1-D=0.46)，和胶囊喙型（H=1.08；1-D=0.50）。方差分析表明，在数量性状方面，所检查的基因型之间存在显着差异，不包括节间长度。通过聚类分析将植物材料分为五个簇，其中簇I至V由21、29、4、4和6种基因型组成，分别。目前的研究表明，通过间接选择与产量相关的性状，可以提高芝麻的产量，特别是每株植物的胶囊数量最高。此外，对遗传多样性的检查证实了在评估的基因型中存在变异性，为即将到来的芝麻育种计划提供有价值的见解。
