Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Time preferences for preventive behavior under novel risks and uncertain contexts may differ from timing preferences related to familiar risks. Therefore, it is crucial to examine drivers of preventative health behavior timing in light of new health risks. Using the case of COVID-19, we examine factors affecting vaccination timing plans when vaccines were widely available in the European Union (EU).
METHODS: We use data from the Flash Eurobarometer 494 survey (May 21-26, 2021), which collected information on EU residents\' attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccinations. We also use the \'Our World in Data\' vaccination database for country-level COVID-19 vaccination rates. Probit regressions were conducted to determine how local vaccination rates, trust in information sources, social norms, vaccine safety beliefs, and risk understanding affected the probability of COVID-19 vaccination delay.
RESULTS: Of total participants (n = 26,106), 9,063 (34.7%) were vaccinated, 7,114 (27.3%) wanted to get vaccinated as soon as possible, 5,168 (19.8%) wanted to delay vaccination and 2,962 (11.4%) resisted vaccination. Participants were more likely to delay COVID-19 vaccination if they lived in a country with lower vaccination prevalence, trusted online social networks, family, friends, and colleagues for vaccination information, were eager to follow vaccination-related social norms, expressed vaccine safety concerns, and understood the risk of catching COVID-19 without a vaccine to be lower.
CONCLUSIONS: Results from the study contribute to understanding important factors that predict timing of vaccination plans. These findings can also contribute to the wider knowledge base about timing of preventive behavior uptake in novel risk contexts.
METHODS: We use data from the Flash Eurobarometer 494 survey (May 21-26, 2021), which collected information on EU residents\' attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccinations. We also use the \'Our World in Data\' vaccination database for country-level COVID-19 vaccination rates. Probit regressions were conducted to determine how local vaccination rates, trust in information sources, social norms, vaccine safety beliefs, and risk understanding affected the probability of COVID-19 vaccination delay.
RESULTS: Of total participants (n = 26,106), 9,063 (34.7%) were vaccinated, 7,114 (27.3%) wanted to get vaccinated as soon as possible, 5,168 (19.8%) wanted to delay vaccination and 2,962 (11.4%) resisted vaccination. Participants were more likely to delay COVID-19 vaccination if they lived in a country with lower vaccination prevalence, trusted online social networks, family, friends, and colleagues for vaccination information, were eager to follow vaccination-related social norms, expressed vaccine safety concerns, and understood the risk of catching COVID-19 without a vaccine to be lower.
CONCLUSIONS: Results from the study contribute to understanding important factors that predict timing of vaccination plans. These findings can also contribute to the wider knowledge base about timing of preventive behavior uptake in novel risk contexts.
摘要：
背景：在新颖的风险和不确定的环境下，对预防行为的时间偏好可能与与熟悉的风险相关的时间偏好不同。因此,鉴于新的健康风险，检查预防性健康行为时机的驱动因素至关重要。以COVID-19为例，我们研究了当疫苗在欧盟(EU)广泛使用时影响疫苗接种时机计划的因素。
方法：我们使用FlashEurobarometer494调查（2021年5月21日至26日）的数据，该组织收集了欧盟居民对COVID-19疫苗接种态度的信息。我们还使用“数据中的我们的世界”疫苗接种数据库来获取国家一级的COVID-19疫苗接种率。进行了Probit回归分析，以确定当地疫苗接种率，信任信息来源，社会规范,疫苗安全信念，风险理解影响COVID-19疫苗接种延迟的可能性。
结果：总参与者（n=26,106），9,063（34.7％）接种了疫苗，7,114（27.3％）希望尽快接种疫苗，5,168（19.8％）希望延迟接种，2,962（11.4％）抵抗接种。如果参与者生活在疫苗接种流行率较低的国家，他们更有可能推迟COVID-19疫苗接种，可信赖的在线社交网络，家庭,朋友,和同事提供疫苗接种信息，渴望遵循与疫苗接种相关的社会规范，表达了对疫苗安全的担忧，并理解在没有疫苗的情况下感染COVID-19的风险较低。
结论：研究结果有助于理解预测疫苗接种计划时机的重要因素。这些发现还可以为在新风险环境中采取预防性行为的时机提供更广泛的知识基础。
方法：我们使用FlashEurobarometer494调查（2021年5月21日至26日）的数据，该组织收集了欧盟居民对COVID-19疫苗接种态度的信息。我们还使用“数据中的我们的世界”疫苗接种数据库来获取国家一级的COVID-19疫苗接种率。进行了Probit回归分析，以确定当地疫苗接种率，信任信息来源，社会规范,疫苗安全信念，风险理解影响COVID-19疫苗接种延迟的可能性。
结果：总参与者（n=26,106），9,063（34.7％）接种了疫苗，7,114（27.3％）希望尽快接种疫苗，5,168（19.8％）希望延迟接种，2,962（11.4％）抵抗接种。如果参与者生活在疫苗接种流行率较低的国家，他们更有可能推迟COVID-19疫苗接种，可信赖的在线社交网络，家庭,朋友,和同事提供疫苗接种信息，渴望遵循与疫苗接种相关的社会规范，表达了对疫苗安全的担忧，并理解在没有疫苗的情况下感染COVID-19的风险较低。
结论：研究结果有助于理解预测疫苗接种计划时机的重要因素。这些发现还可以为在新风险环境中采取预防性行为的时机提供更广泛的知识基础。
