PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had effects on changes in people, society, and pollutant sources. This was a unique research opportunity to assess the effects on the risk of pneumonia resulted from the changes in air pollution and personal hygiene regarding city lockdown.
UNASSIGNED: This study, we estimated time-series relative risks (RRs) of pneumonia (n=94,288) associated with PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and O3 in Khon Kaen province and its vicinity, using Poison regression with generalized additive model and compared air pollutant-associated risk of pneumonia before vs. during the COVID-19 outbreak [2018-2021].
UNASSIGNED: During the COVID-19 period, pneumonia cases, PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 levels were lower than those before the COVID-19 but the O3 level was significantly higher. The single-pollutant analyses showed that the increase in PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 were significantly associated with pneumonia risks at single-day lag 0 in the earlier two years (2018-2019). For multi-pollutant analyses, there were higher RRs in PM2.5 at lag 0 [RR =1.078, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.004 to 1.157], lag 4 (RR =1.054, 95% CI: 1.011 to 1.098) and lag 5 (RR =1.090, 95% CI: 1.021 to 1.165) and for all cumulative-day lags, greatest was at lag 0-5 (RR =1.314, 95% CI: 1.200 to 1.439) before the COVID-19 period while there were lower pneumonia RRs of a 10-µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 at single-day lag 1 (RR =1.064, 95% CI: 1.002 to 1.130) and for all cumulative-day lags, greatest was at lag 0-5 (RR =1.201, 95% CI: 1.073 to 1.344) during the COVID-19 outbreak. Multi-pollutant of NO2 significantly increased pneumonia risk in cumulative day exposure before the COVID-19 outbreak at lag 0-3 (RR =1.050, 95% CI: 1.001 to 1.100). It was significantly greater than that risk during the outbreak.
UNASSIGNED: This study revealed that the lockdown measures to control COVID-19 were effective in improving air quality and lowering associated pneumonia risk. These findings would help raise awareness about measures and policies to preserve the air quality to increase respiratory health benefits.
UNASSIGNED: This study, we estimated time-series relative risks (RRs) of pneumonia (n=94,288) associated with PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and O3 in Khon Kaen province and its vicinity, using Poison regression with generalized additive model and compared air pollutant-associated risk of pneumonia before vs. during the COVID-19 outbreak [2018-2021].
UNASSIGNED: During the COVID-19 period, pneumonia cases, PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 levels were lower than those before the COVID-19 but the O3 level was significantly higher. The single-pollutant analyses showed that the increase in PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 were significantly associated with pneumonia risks at single-day lag 0 in the earlier two years (2018-2019). For multi-pollutant analyses, there were higher RRs in PM2.5 at lag 0 [RR =1.078, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.004 to 1.157], lag 4 (RR =1.054, 95% CI: 1.011 to 1.098) and lag 5 (RR =1.090, 95% CI: 1.021 to 1.165) and for all cumulative-day lags, greatest was at lag 0-5 (RR =1.314, 95% CI: 1.200 to 1.439) before the COVID-19 period while there were lower pneumonia RRs of a 10-µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 at single-day lag 1 (RR =1.064, 95% CI: 1.002 to 1.130) and for all cumulative-day lags, greatest was at lag 0-5 (RR =1.201, 95% CI: 1.073 to 1.344) during the COVID-19 outbreak. Multi-pollutant of NO2 significantly increased pneumonia risk in cumulative day exposure before the COVID-19 outbreak at lag 0-3 (RR =1.050, 95% CI: 1.001 to 1.100). It was significantly greater than that risk during the outbreak.
UNASSIGNED: This study revealed that the lockdown measures to control COVID-19 were effective in improving air quality and lowering associated pneumonia risk. These findings would help raise awareness about measures and policies to preserve the air quality to increase respiratory health benefits.
摘要：
■2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行对人们的变化产生了影响，社会,和污染源。这是一个独特的研究机会，可以评估空气污染和个人卫生与城市封锁有关的变化对肺炎风险的影响。
■这项研究，我们估计了KhonKaen省及其附近地区与PM10，PM2.5，NO2和O3相关的肺炎（n=94,288）的时间序列相对风险（RR），使用广义加性模型的毒物回归，并比较了与空气污染物相关的肺炎风险在COVID-19爆发期间[2018-2021]。
■在COVID-19期间，肺炎病例,PM2.5、PM10和NO2水平低于COVID-19之前的水平，但O3水平显著高于COVID-19之前的水平。单污染物分析表明，在前两年（2018-2019年），PM10，PM2.5和NO2的增加与单日滞后0的肺炎风险显着相关。对于多污染物分析，在滞后0时，PM2.5的RR较高[RR=1.078，95%置信区间(CI)：1.004至1.157]，滞后4(RR=1.054，95%CI：1.011至1.098)和滞后5(RR=1.090，95%CI：1.021至1.165)，对于所有累积日滞后，最大的是在COVID-19期间之前的滞后0-5(RR=1.314，95%CI：1.200至1.439)，而在单日滞后1(RR=1.064，95%CI：1.002至1.130)和所有累积日滞后，在COVID-19爆发期间，最大的是滞后0-5（RR=1.201，95%CI：1.073至1.344）。NO2的多种污染物显著增加了COVID-19爆发前0-3天累积日暴露的肺炎风险(RR=1.050，95%CI：1.001至1.100)。明显高于疫情期间的风险。
■这项研究表明，控制COVID-19的封锁措施在改善空气质量和降低相关肺炎风险方面是有效的。这些发现将有助于提高人们对保护空气质量以增加呼吸健康益处的措施和政策的认识。
■这项研究，我们估计了KhonKaen省及其附近地区与PM10，PM2.5，NO2和O3相关的肺炎（n=94,288）的时间序列相对风险（RR），使用广义加性模型的毒物回归，并比较了与空气污染物相关的肺炎风险在COVID-19爆发期间[2018-2021]。
■在COVID-19期间，肺炎病例,PM2.5、PM10和NO2水平低于COVID-19之前的水平，但O3水平显著高于COVID-19之前的水平。单污染物分析表明，在前两年（2018-2019年），PM10，PM2.5和NO2的增加与单日滞后0的肺炎风险显着相关。对于多污染物分析，在滞后0时，PM2.5的RR较高[RR=1.078，95%置信区间(CI)：1.004至1.157]，滞后4(RR=1.054，95%CI：1.011至1.098)和滞后5(RR=1.090，95%CI：1.021至1.165)，对于所有累积日滞后，最大的是在COVID-19期间之前的滞后0-5(RR=1.314，95%CI：1.200至1.439)，而在单日滞后1(RR=1.064，95%CI：1.002至1.130)和所有累积日滞后，在COVID-19爆发期间，最大的是滞后0-5（RR=1.201，95%CI：1.073至1.344）。NO2的多种污染物显著增加了COVID-19爆发前0-3天累积日暴露的肺炎风险(RR=1.050，95%CI：1.001至1.100)。明显高于疫情期间的风险。
■这项研究表明，控制COVID-19的封锁措施在改善空气质量和降低相关肺炎风险方面是有效的。这些发现将有助于提高人们对保护空气质量以增加呼吸健康益处的措施和政策的认识。
