Abstract：
BACKGROUND: In recent years, the detection rate of adrenal tumors has increased, but it is unclear whether smoking and alcohol drinking are risk factors for benign adrenal tumors. The objective of this study is to employ Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal relationship between smoking, alcohol drinking and susceptibility to benign adrenal tumors.
METHODS: We acquired large-scale data from publicly accessible databases on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) pertaining to smoking, alcohol drinking and benign adrenal tumors. A total of 11 sets of instrumental variables (IVs) and 281 associated single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) loci were identified. The Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted using inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger regression and weighted median estimation (WME) methods, in addition to sensitivity analyses.
RESULTS: There is no causal relationship between smoking status, alcohol drinking status, alcohol intake frequency, alcohol taken with meals, alcohol consumption and benign adrenal tumors, while pack years of smoking and cigarettes per day are risk factors for benign adrenal tumors. The IVW analysis revealed that both the pack years of smoking and cigarettes per day were positively associated with an increased risk of benign adrenal tumors (OR = 2.853, 95%CI = 1.384-5.878, p = 0.004; OR = 1.543, 95%CI = 1.147-2.076, p = 0.004). Two SNPs (rs8042849 in the analysis of pack years of smoking and rs8034191 in the analysis of cigarettes per day) significantly drove the observed causal effects.
CONCLUSIONS: Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis showed a causal effect between smoking but not alcohol consumption and benign adrenal tumors.
METHODS: We acquired large-scale data from publicly accessible databases on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) pertaining to smoking, alcohol drinking and benign adrenal tumors. A total of 11 sets of instrumental variables (IVs) and 281 associated single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) loci were identified. The Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted using inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger regression and weighted median estimation (WME) methods, in addition to sensitivity analyses.
RESULTS: There is no causal relationship between smoking status, alcohol drinking status, alcohol intake frequency, alcohol taken with meals, alcohol consumption and benign adrenal tumors, while pack years of smoking and cigarettes per day are risk factors for benign adrenal tumors. The IVW analysis revealed that both the pack years of smoking and cigarettes per day were positively associated with an increased risk of benign adrenal tumors (OR = 2.853, 95%CI = 1.384-5.878, p = 0.004; OR = 1.543, 95%CI = 1.147-2.076, p = 0.004). Two SNPs (rs8042849 in the analysis of pack years of smoking and rs8034191 in the analysis of cigarettes per day) significantly drove the observed causal effects.
CONCLUSIONS: Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis showed a causal effect between smoking but not alcohol consumption and benign adrenal tumors.
摘要：
背景：近年来，肾上腺肿瘤的检出率有所提高，但目前尚不清楚吸烟和饮酒是否是良性肾上腺肿瘤的危险因素。本研究的目的是采用孟德尔随机化(MR)分析来探讨吸烟之间的因果关系。饮酒与良性肾上腺肿瘤的易感性。
方法：我们从与吸烟有关的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）的公开数据库中获取了大规模数据，饮酒和良性肾上腺肿瘤。总共鉴定了11组工具变量（IVs）和281个相关的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）基因座。孟德尔随机化分析使用方差逆加权(IVW)进行，MR-Egger回归和加权中位数估计(WME)方法，除了敏感性分析。
结果：吸烟状况之间没有因果关系，饮酒状况,酒精摄入频率,酒精随餐服用，饮酒和良性肾上腺肿瘤，而每天吸烟和吸烟是良性肾上腺肿瘤的危险因素。IVW分析显示，每天吸烟和吸烟的包年与良性肾上腺肿瘤的风险增加呈正相关（OR=2.853，95CI=1.384-5.878，p=0.004；OR=1.543，95CI=1.147-2.076，p=0.004）。两个SNP（在吸烟包装年分析中的rs8042849和在每天香烟分析中的rs8034191）显着驱动了观察到的因果效应。
结论：孟德尔随机双样本分析显示吸烟而非饮酒与良性肾上腺肿瘤之间存在因果关系。
方法：我们从与吸烟有关的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）的公开数据库中获取了大规模数据，饮酒和良性肾上腺肿瘤。总共鉴定了11组工具变量（IVs）和281个相关的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）基因座。孟德尔随机化分析使用方差逆加权(IVW)进行，MR-Egger回归和加权中位数估计(WME)方法，除了敏感性分析。
结果：吸烟状况之间没有因果关系，饮酒状况,酒精摄入频率,酒精随餐服用，饮酒和良性肾上腺肿瘤，而每天吸烟和吸烟是良性肾上腺肿瘤的危险因素。IVW分析显示，每天吸烟和吸烟的包年与良性肾上腺肿瘤的风险增加呈正相关（OR=2.853，95CI=1.384-5.878，p=0.004；OR=1.543，95CI=1.147-2.076，p=0.004）。两个SNP（在吸烟包装年分析中的rs8042849和在每天香烟分析中的rs8034191）显着驱动了观察到的因果效应。
结论：孟德尔随机双样本分析显示吸烟而非饮酒与良性肾上腺肿瘤之间存在因果关系。
