PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Managing negative emotion can be challenging for autistic individuals and their families from a young age. Parents help young children manage negative emotions by responding in comforting or supportive ways. Not much research has examined how negative emotions and parent responses to negative emotions are different in very young autistic children. This study used videotapes of 18-month-old toddlers and parents at home. We examined how much and how intensely toddlers expressed negative emotion in everyday situations, and how parents responded. Participants were younger siblings of autistic children, and we compared three groups-children that (1) later received an autism diagnosis; (2) had language delays but not autism; and (3) had no delays or autism. We found that autistic toddlers\' negative emotion was more likely to be intense and to continue once it started compared with children without delays or autism. Language-delayed toddlers also showed some, but not all these differences. Parents responded similarly to negative emotions in all groups. When parents used strategies to help, it reduced the chances of the negative emotions continuing, although it may have been less helpful for autistic toddlers. This study shows that autistic children may express more intense and long-lasting negative emotions from an early age. It also shows that parents of autistic children are very responsive to their children\'s negative emotions, but these responses may not be as helpful to autistic children. While more research is needed, this study helps us understand how autistic toddlers may express and experience emotions differently.
摘要：
■管理负面情绪对于自闭症患者和他们的家庭来说，从年轻的时候起就具有挑战性。父母通过安慰或支持的方式帮助幼儿管理负面情绪。很少有研究研究了自闭症儿童的负面情绪和父母对负面情绪的反应如何不同。这项研究使用了18个月大的幼儿和父母在家的录像带。我们研究了幼儿在日常生活中表达负面情绪的程度和程度，以及父母的反应。参与者是自闭症儿童的弟弟妹妹，我们比较了三组儿童：（1）后来接受自闭症诊断的儿童；（2）有语言延迟，但没有自闭症；（3）没有延迟或自闭症。我们发现，与没有延误或自闭症的儿童相比，自闭症幼儿的负面情绪更可能是强烈的，并且一旦开始就会持续下去。语言延迟的幼儿也表现出一些，但并非所有这些差异。父母对所有组的负面情绪的反应相似。当父母使用策略来帮助时，它减少了负面情绪持续的机会，虽然它可能对自闭症幼儿没有帮助。这项研究表明，自闭症儿童可能会从小就表现出更强烈和持久的负面情绪。这也表明自闭症儿童的父母对孩子的负面情绪非常敏感，但是这些反应可能对自闭症儿童没有帮助。虽然需要更多的研究，这项研究帮助我们了解自闭症幼儿如何以不同的方式表达和体验情绪。
