PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
On July 23, 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the monkeypox (mpox) outbreak a \"Public Health Emergency of International Concern.\" Since 2022, outbreaks of mpox in many countries around the world have primarily resulted in fatalities among immunocompromised individuals, such as untreated HIV/AIDS patients. Since the eradication of smallpox was declared by the WHO in 1980, the global vaccination against smallpox has been gradually discontinued. China also stopped routine smallpox vaccination in 1981. The protective effect of the smallpox vaccine has decreased over time due to aging and declining immunity in those who were vaccinated. For individuals, timely vaccination against smallpox is an effective means of protection against mpox. However, due to safety concerns with the smallpox vaccine and the limitations of current mpox vaccines, there is no vaccine that is safe, effective, and has low side effects applied in clinical settings. This article provides a comprehensive review of the development of mpox virus (MPXV) vaccines, their application in special populations, and the current state of vaccine research, considering the etiology, transmission, and prevention of the MPXV. Vaccination, as an effective method of epidemic prevention, can provide long-term immune protection and effectively reduce the severity of infection. However, as there is no licensed specific MPXV vaccine available globally, the vaccines currently used for mpox prevention are mostly smallpox vaccines. These smallpox vaccines can offer some degree of protection against mpox by activating cross-protection in the body.
摘要：
2022年7月23日，世界卫生组织（WHO）宣布猴痘爆发为“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”。“自2022年以来，世界各地许多国家的水痘爆发主要导致免疫受损者死亡，如未经治疗的艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者。自从世界卫生组织于1980年宣布消灭天花以来，全球天花疫苗已逐步停止。中国也在1981年停止了常规天花疫苗接种。天花疫苗的保护作用随着时间的推移而下降，这是由于接种疫苗的人的衰老和免疫力下降。对于个人来说,及时接种天花疫苗是预防天花的有效手段。然而,由于天花疫苗的安全性问题和当前天花疫苗的局限性，没有疫苗是安全的，有效,在临床应用中副作用低。本文对痘病毒(MPXV)疫苗的发展进行了全面综述,它们在特殊人群中的应用，以及疫苗研究的现状，考虑到病因，传输,和预防MPXV。疫苗接种,作为一种有效的防疫方法，能提供长期的免疫保护，有效降低感染的严重程度。然而,由于全球没有获得许可的特定MPXV疫苗，目前用于预防水痘的疫苗主要是天花疫苗。这些天花疫苗可以通过激活体内的交叉保护来提供一定程度的预防天花的保护。
