PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The substantia nigra (SN), subthalamic nucleus (STN), and red nucleus (RN) have been widely studied as important biomarkers of degenerative diseases. However, how they develop in childhood and adolescence and are affected by emotional behavior has not been studied thus far. This population-based longitudinal cohort study used data from a representative sample followed two to five times. Emotional and behavioral problems were assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Linear mixed models were used to map developmental trajectories and behavioral regulation. Using an innovative automated image segmentation technique, we quantified the volumes and asymmetries of the SN, STN and RN with 1226 MRI scans of a large longitudinal sample of 667 subjects aged 6-15 years and mapped their developmental trajectories. The results showed that the absolute and relative volumes of the bilateral SN and right STN showed linear increases, while the absolute volume of the right RN and relative volume of the bilateral RN decreased linearly, these effects were not affected by gender. Hyperactivity/inattention weakened the increase in SN volume and reduced the absolute volume of the STN, conduct problems impeded the RN volume from decreasing, and emotional symptoms changed the direction of SN lateralization. This longitudinal cohort study mapped the developmental trajectories of SN, STN, and RN volumes and asymmetries from childhood to adolescence, and found the association of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, and hyperactivity/inattention with these trajectories, providing guidance for preventing and intervening in cognitive and emotional behavioral problems.
摘要：
黑质(SN)，丘脑底核（STN），红核（RN）作为退行性疾病的重要生物标志物得到了广泛的研究。然而,他们如何发展在儿童和青少年时期，并受到情绪行为的影响，到目前为止还没有研究。这项基于人群的纵向队列研究使用了来自代表性样本的数据，随后进行了两到五次。使用优势和困难问卷（SDQ）评估情绪和行为问题。线性混合模型用于绘制发育轨迹和行为调节图。使用创新的自动图像分割技术，我们量化了SN的体积和不对称性，STN和RN对667名6-15岁的受试者进行了1226次MRI扫描，并绘制了他们的发育轨迹。结果表明，双侧SN和右侧STN的绝对体积和相对体积呈线性增加，而右侧RN的绝对体积和双侧RN的相对体积线性下降，这些影响不受性别影响.多动/注意力不集中削弱了SN体积的增加，减少了STN的绝对体积，行为问题阻碍了RN量的减少，情绪症状改变了SN偏侧化的方向。这项纵向队列研究绘制了SN的发育轨迹，STN,从童年到青春期的RN量和不对称，发现了情绪症状的关联，行为问题,和这些轨迹的多动/注意力不集中，为预防和干预认知和情绪行为问题提供指导。
