Abstract：
Research on causal beliefs about mental illness-the beliefs people hold about what causes a particular mental illness, or mental illnesses in general-is split across a number of theories and disciplines. Although research on this subject has provided a number of insights and practical applications, the diversity of theories, terminology, and keywords makes it challenging for a new reader to gain a comprehensive understanding. We sought to address this by conducting a systematic scoping review of research on causal beliefs. This review included English-language articles from any year that mentioned causal beliefs for mental illness in their title or abstract. We identified articles in two stages. In the first stage, we used a narrow set of search terms referring specifically to causal beliefs (1227 records identified, 417 included). In the second stage, we used a comprehensive set of terms relevant to research on causal beliefs (10,418 records identified, 3838 included). We analyzed articles qualitatively, organizing them into one of five theories or categories: the common-sense model of self-regulation, explanatory models, mental health literacy, biogenetic causal beliefs, and other research on causal beliefs. We provide a comprehensive summary of these literatures in terms of their history, typical research questions and study design, findings, and practical applications. These theories differ in their theoretical orientation towards causal beliefs, research methods, findings, and applications. However, they broadly share a view of causal beliefs as multifaceted, culturally determined, and relevant for additional psychosocial variables such as mental illness stigma and help-seeking. We conclude by making recommendations for researchers, clinicians, public health messaging, and for individuals with mental illness.
摘要：
关于精神疾病的因果信念的研究-人们对导致特定精神疾病的原因所持的信念，或一般的精神疾病-是分裂在许多理论和学科。尽管对这一主题的研究提供了许多见解和实际应用，理论的多样性，术语,和关键词使新读者获得全面理解变得具有挑战性。我们试图通过对因果信念的研究进行系统的范围审查来解决这个问题。这篇评论包括任何一年的英语文章，这些文章在标题或摘要中提到了精神疾病的因果信念。我们分两个阶段确定了文章。在第一阶段,我们使用了一组狭窄的搜索词，专门指因果信念(确定了1227条记录，包括417）。在第二阶段,我们使用了与因果信念研究相关的一组全面的术语(确定了10,418条记录，包括3838）。我们对文章进行了定性分析,将它们组织成五种理论或类别之一：自我调节的常识模型，解释模型，心理健康素养,生物遗传学因果信念，和其他关于因果信念的研究。我们对这些文献的历史进行了全面的总结，典型的研究问题和研究设计，调查结果,和实际应用。这些理论对因果信念的理论取向不同，研究方法,调查结果,和应用。然而,他们广泛地认为因果信念是多方面的，文化决定，并与其他心理社会变量有关，例如精神疾病的污名和寻求帮助。最后，我们为研究人员提出建议，临床医生,公共卫生信息，以及患有精神疾病的人。
