Abstract：
To identify and summarize the presence and characteristics of dental patient-reported outcomes (dPROs) and dental patient-reported outcome measures (dPROMs) within comparative observational studies published in 5 leading orthodontic journals.
Electronic searching was performed to identify intervention (therapeutic or preventive) related comparative observational studies published in selected journals between 2015 and 2021. Two authors extracted the characteristics of each included study independently and in duplicate and summarized the dPROs and dPROMs used in these studies. All dPROs were classified into 2 general types (oral health-related quality of life [OHRQoL] and others), while dPROMs were divided into 3 categories (single-item questionnaires, generic multiple-item questionnaires, and specific multiple-item questionnaires). In addition, dPROMs were examined, if they evaluated the 4 dimensions of OHRQoL (oral function, orofacial pain, orofacial appearance, and psychosocial impact).
A total of 683 observational studies were eligible and included of which 117 (17.1%) used dPROs and dPROMs. Seven different dPROs (OHRQoL, patients\' satisfaction with treatment, preferences, concerns, compliance, duration, and unwanted events) and 33 different dPROMs (including 8 single-item questionnaires, 11 generic multiple-item questionnaires, and 14 specific multiple-item questionnaires) were identified in these studies. OHRQoL was the most commonly used dPRO (92/117, 78.6%), while Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14) was the most frequently used dPROM (20/92, 21.7%). In terms of study design, cross-sectional studies had the highest proportion of dPRO usage (62/148, 41.9%), followed by cohort studies (63/505, 12.5%) and case-control studies (1/30, 3.3%).
Only one-sixth of comparative observational studies published in leading orthodontic journals could reflect patients\' perspectives. Observational studies in orthodontics need to provide more patient-important information through the use of dPROs and dPROMs.
Electronic searching was performed to identify intervention (therapeutic or preventive) related comparative observational studies published in selected journals between 2015 and 2021. Two authors extracted the characteristics of each included study independently and in duplicate and summarized the dPROs and dPROMs used in these studies. All dPROs were classified into 2 general types (oral health-related quality of life [OHRQoL] and others), while dPROMs were divided into 3 categories (single-item questionnaires, generic multiple-item questionnaires, and specific multiple-item questionnaires). In addition, dPROMs were examined, if they evaluated the 4 dimensions of OHRQoL (oral function, orofacial pain, orofacial appearance, and psychosocial impact).
A total of 683 observational studies were eligible and included of which 117 (17.1%) used dPROs and dPROMs. Seven different dPROs (OHRQoL, patients\' satisfaction with treatment, preferences, concerns, compliance, duration, and unwanted events) and 33 different dPROMs (including 8 single-item questionnaires, 11 generic multiple-item questionnaires, and 14 specific multiple-item questionnaires) were identified in these studies. OHRQoL was the most commonly used dPRO (92/117, 78.6%), while Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14) was the most frequently used dPROM (20/92, 21.7%). In terms of study design, cross-sectional studies had the highest proportion of dPRO usage (62/148, 41.9%), followed by cohort studies (63/505, 12.5%) and case-control studies (1/30, 3.3%).
Only one-sixth of comparative observational studies published in leading orthodontic journals could reflect patients\' perspectives. Observational studies in orthodontics need to provide more patient-important information through the use of dPROs and dPROMs.
摘要：
目的：在5种主要正畸杂志上发表的比较观察性研究中，确定并总结牙科患者报告结局（dPR0s）和牙科患者报告结局指标（dPR0s）的存在和特征。
方法：进行电子检索，以确定2015年至2021年在选定期刊上发表的干预（治疗或预防）相关比较观察研究。两位作者分别和一式两份地提取了每个纳入研究的特征，并总结了这些研究中使用的dPROs和dPROM。所有dPRO分为2种一般类型（口腔健康相关生活质量[OHRQoL]和其他类型），而dPROM分为3类(单项问卷，通用多项目问卷，和特定的多项目问卷)。此外,检查了dprom，如果他们评估了OHRQoL的4个维度(口腔功能，口面部疼痛,口腔外观,和社会心理影响)。
结果：共有683项观察性研究符合条件，其中117项（17.1%）使用dPR0s和dPR0s。七个不同的dPR0s（OHRQoL，患者对治疗的满意度，preferences,关注,合规,持续时间,和不必要的事件)和33种不同的dPROM(包括8个单项目问卷，11份通用多项目问卷，和14个特定的多项目问卷)在这些研究中被确定。OHRQoL是最常用的dPRO(92/117，78.6%)，而口腔健康影响概况14（OHIP-14）是最常用的dPROM（20/92，21.7%）。在研究设计方面，横断面研究使用dPRO的比例最高(62/148，41.9%)，其次是队列研究(63/505,12.5%)和病例对照研究(1/30,3.3%).
结论：在主要的正畸杂志上发表的比较观察研究中，只有六分之一可以反映患者的观点。正畸中的观察性研究需要通过使用dPROs和dPROM来提供更多对患者重要的信息。
方法：进行电子检索，以确定2015年至2021年在选定期刊上发表的干预（治疗或预防）相关比较观察研究。两位作者分别和一式两份地提取了每个纳入研究的特征，并总结了这些研究中使用的dPROs和dPROM。所有dPRO分为2种一般类型（口腔健康相关生活质量[OHRQoL]和其他类型），而dPROM分为3类(单项问卷，通用多项目问卷，和特定的多项目问卷)。此外,检查了dprom，如果他们评估了OHRQoL的4个维度(口腔功能，口面部疼痛,口腔外观,和社会心理影响)。
结果：共有683项观察性研究符合条件，其中117项（17.1%）使用dPR0s和dPR0s。七个不同的dPR0s（OHRQoL，患者对治疗的满意度，preferences,关注,合规,持续时间,和不必要的事件)和33种不同的dPROM(包括8个单项目问卷，11份通用多项目问卷，和14个特定的多项目问卷)在这些研究中被确定。OHRQoL是最常用的dPRO(92/117，78.6%)，而口腔健康影响概况14（OHIP-14）是最常用的dPROM（20/92，21.7%）。在研究设计方面，横断面研究使用dPRO的比例最高(62/148，41.9%)，其次是队列研究(63/505,12.5%)和病例对照研究(1/30,3.3%).
结论：在主要的正畸杂志上发表的比较观察研究中，只有六分之一可以反映患者的观点。正畸中的观察性研究需要通过使用dPROs和dPROM来提供更多对患者重要的信息。
