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Abstract：
Early-onset sepsis (EOS) is a global health issue, considered one of the primary causes of neonatal mortality. Diagnosis of EOS is challenging because its clinical signs are nonspecific, and blood culture, which is the current gold-standard diagnostic tool, has low sensitivity. Commonly used biomarkers for sepsis diagnosis, including C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and interleukin-6, lack specificity for infection. Due to the disadvantages of blood culture and other common biomarkers, ongoing efforts are directed towards identifying innovative molecular approaches to diagnose neonates at risk of sepsis. This review aims to gather knowledge and recent research on these emerging molecular methods. PCR-based techniques and unrestricted techniques based on 16S rRNA sequencing and 16S-23S rRNA gene interspace region sequencing offer several advantages. Despite their potential, these approaches are not able to replace blood cultures due to several limitations; however, they may prove valuable as complementary tests in neonatal sepsis diagnosis. Several microRNAs have been evaluated and have been proposed as diagnostic biomarkers in EOS. T2 magnetic resonance and bioinformatic analysis have proposed potential biomarkers of neonatal sepsis, though further studies are essential to validate these findings.
摘要：
早发性败血症（EOS）是一个全球性的健康问题，被认为是新生儿死亡的主要原因之一。EOS的诊断具有挑战性，因为它的临床症状是非特异性的，和血液培养，这是当前的黄金标准诊断工具，灵敏度低。脓毒症诊断常用的生物标志物，包括C反应蛋白,降钙素原,和白细胞介素-6，缺乏对感染的特异性。由于血液培养和其他常见生物标志物的缺点，正在进行的努力旨在确定创新的分子方法来诊断有败血症风险的新生儿.这篇综述旨在收集这些新兴分子方法的知识和最新研究。基于PCR的技术和基于16SrRNA测序和16S-23SrRNA基因空间区域测序的非限制性技术提供了若干优点。尽管有潜力,由于一些限制，这些方法无法替代血液培养;然而，在新生儿败血症诊断中，它们可能被证明是有价值的补充测试。已经评估了几种microRNA，并提出将其作为EOS中的诊断生物标志物。T2磁共振和生物信息学分析提出了新生儿败血症的潜在生物标志物，尽管进一步的研究对于验证这些发现至关重要。
