PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Despite significant advances in vaccination strategies and antibiotic therapy, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) continues to be the leading disease affecting the global cattle industry. The etiology of BRD is complex, often involving multiple microbial agents, which lead to intricate interactions between the host immune system and pathogens during various beef production stages. These interactions present environmental, social, and geographical challenges. Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective disease management. Nevertheless, correct identification of BRD cases remains a daunting challenge for animal health technicians in feedlots. In response to current regulations, there is a growing interest in refining clinical diagnoses of BRD to curb the overuse of antimicrobials. This shift marks a pivotal first step toward establishing a structured diagnostic framework for this disease. This review article provides an update on recent developments and future perspectives in clinical diagnostics and prognostic techniques for BRD, assessing their benefits and limitations. The methods discussed include the evaluation of clinical signs and animal behavior, biomarker analysis, molecular diagnostics, ultrasound imaging, and prognostic modeling. While some techniques show promise as standalone diagnostics, it is likely that a multifaceted approach-leveraging a combination of these methods-will yield the most accurate diagnosis of BRD.
摘要：
尽管疫苗接种策略和抗生素治疗取得了重大进展，牛呼吸道疾病（BRD）仍然是影响全球养牛业的主要疾病。BRD的病因复杂,通常涉及多种微生物制剂，在不同的牛肉生产阶段，导致宿主免疫系统和病原体之间复杂的相互作用。这些相互作用呈现环境，社会,地理挑战。准确的诊断对于有效的疾病管理至关重要。然而，正确识别BRD病例对于饲养场的动物卫生技术人员来说仍然是一项艰巨的挑战。根据现行规定，人们对完善BRD的临床诊断以遏制抗生素的过度使用越来越感兴趣.这种转变标志着为这种疾病建立结构化诊断框架的关键的第一步。这篇综述文章提供了BRD临床诊断和预后技术的最新发展和未来前景，评估他们的好处和局限性。讨论的方法包括临床体征和动物行为的评估，生物标志物分析,分子诊断，超声成像,和预后建模。虽然一些技术显示出作为独立诊断的希望，多层面的方法-利用这些方法的组合-可能会产生最准确的BRD诊断.
