PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Diflubenzuron (DFB) and pyriproxyfen (PPF) are larvicides used in crops to control insect plagues. However, these pesticides are known to impact non-target organisms like fish and mammals. Here, we aimed at assessing the embryotoxicity of purified DFB, PPF, and their mixtures in a non-target organism-zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations for 120 h: 0.025, 0.125, 0.25, 1.25, 2.5, and 10 mg/L of purified PPF and purified DFB, while we used 0.025 mg/L PPF + 10 mg/L DFB (Mix A), 0.125 mg/L PPF + 10 mg/L DFB (Mix B), and 0.25 mg/L PPF + 10 mg/L DFB (Mix C) for the mixtures of PPF + DFB. We observed mortality, teratogenicity, and cardiotoxicity. For the neurotoxicity tests and evaluation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the brain, embryos were exposed for 120 h to 0.379 and 0.754 mg/L of PPF and 0.025 and 0.125 mg/L of DFB. We established the LC50 for PPF as 3.79 mg/L, while the LC50 for DFB was not determinable. Survival and hatching were affected by PPF concentrations above 0.125 mg/L, DFB concentrations above 1.25 mg/L, and the lower pesticide mixtures. PPF exposure and mixtures induced different types of malformations, while a higher number of malformations were observed for the mixtures, suggesting a potentiating effect. Pesticides diminished avoidance responses and increased the levels of ROS across all concentrations, indicating neurotoxicity. Our findings underscore the detrimental impact of PPF and DFB exposure, spanning from biochemistry to morphology. There is a critical need to reconsider the global use of these pesticides and transition to more ecologically friendly forms of pest control, raising an alarm regarding repercussions on human and animal health and well-being.
摘要：
二氟苯并隆（DFB）和吡丙醚（PPF）是农作物中用于控制虫害的杀幼剂。然而,已知这些杀虫剂会影响非目标生物，如鱼和哺乳动物。这里,我们旨在评估纯化DFB的胚胎毒性，PPF,以及它们在非目标生物斑马鱼中的混合物。斑马鱼胚胎暴露于不同浓度120h：0.025、0.125、0.25、1.25、2.5和10mg/L的纯化PPF和纯化DFB，虽然我们使用0.025毫克/升PPF+10毫克/升DFB（混合料A），0.125毫克/升PPF+10毫克/升DFB（混合料B），和0.25mg/LPPF+10mg/LDFB(混合C)的PPF+DFB的混合物。我们观察到死亡率，致畸性，和心脏毒性。对于神经毒性测试和评估大脑中的活性氧（ROS）水平，胚胎暴露于0.379和0.754mg/L的PPF和0.025和0.125mg/L的DFB120小时。我们确定PPF的LC50为3.79mg/L，而DFB的LC50无法确定。生存和孵化受PPF浓度高于0.125mg/L的影响，DFB浓度高于1.25mg/L，和较低的农药混合物。PPF暴露和混合物诱导不同类型的畸形，虽然在混合物中观察到更多的畸形，表明有增强作用。农药减少了回避反应，并增加了所有浓度的ROS水平，表明神经毒性。我们的发现强调了PPF和DFB暴露的有害影响，从生物化学到形态学。迫切需要重新考虑这些农药的全球使用，并过渡到更生态友好的虫害控制形式，对人类和动物健康和福祉的影响发出警报。
