Abstract:
Male-factor infertility is implicated in over half of the millions of cases of infertility worldwide, and varicoceles are the most common correctable cause of male-factor infertility. The pathophysiologic mechanism for varicoceles is complex and next-generation technologies offer promising insights into the molecular underpinnings of this condition. In this narrative review, we highlight historical and contemporary paradigms associated with varicoceles, with an emphasis on the biological underpinnings of this disease. Specifically, we review the literature describing the underlying causes of varicoceles, discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms causing pathological changes in some (but not all) men, and highlight key articles regarding the next-generation analyses (e.g., transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and microbiome) being applied to better understand the condition and its treatment. These data demonstrate an ongoing evolution of the knowledge of varicoceles and the potential for improved personalized care in the future for men with this condition.
摘要:
男性因素不育症涉及全球数百万例不育症中的一半以上,精索静脉曲张是男性因素不育症最常见的可纠正原因。精索静脉曲张的病理生理机制很复杂,下一代技术为这种疾病的分子基础提供了有希望的见解。在这篇叙述性评论中,我们强调与精索静脉曲张相关的历史和当代范式,强调这种疾病的生物学基础。具体来说,我们回顾了描述精索静脉曲张根本原因的文献,讨论引起某些(但不是全部)男性病理变化的分子和细胞机制,并突出显示有关下一代分析的关键文章(例如,转录组,表观基因组,蛋白质组,和微生物组)用于更好地了解病情及其治疗。这些数据表明精索静脉曲张知识的不断发展,以及将来对患有这种疾病的男性改善个性化护理的潜力。