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Abstract：
Our study explores how previously acquired languages affect third language (L3) acquisition. The learning and control groups composed adpositional phrases and relative clauses, and then judged sentences with strict/sloppy readings presented in their L3. The results showed that native Japanese learners of Chinese were more influenced by the second language (English) for adpositional phrases and relative clauses than were native Chinese learners of Japanese, although both were influenced more by their native than second language (English) in strict/sloppy interpretation. This indicates that L3 acquisition can be influenced by all previously acquired languages and that the interrelationship between the positions of subgrammars in a sentence structure may influence learners\' assessment of the structural similarity of the selected subgrammars, making it an important trigger for non-facilitative transfer. Overall, structural similarities played a stronger role than did typological proximity. This study differs from traditional models of L3 acquisition that focus on wholesale or property transfer by beginning with an investigation of the conditions under which non-facilitative transfers occur. These two perspectives are integrated in terms of cognitive economy, pointing to a more promising direction for L3 acquisition research in the future.
摘要：
我们的研究探讨了以前习得的语言如何影响第三语言（L3）习得。学习和控制组组成了代位短语和相关从句，然后用L3中显示的严格/草率的读数来判断句子。结果表明，与日语母语学习者相比，日语母语学习者受第二语言（英语）的词组和关系从句的影响更大。尽管在严格/草率的解释中，两者都受到母语比第二语言（英语）的影响更大。这表明L3习得会受到所有先前习得的语言的影响，并且句子结构中子语法位置之间的相互关系可能会影响学习者对所选子语法结构相似性的评估，使其成为非便利转移的重要触发因素。总的来说,结构相似性比类型学上的接近性起着更强的作用。这项研究不同于传统的L3收购模式，后者侧重于批发或财产转让，首先是对非便利转让发生的条件进行调查。这两种观点在认知经济方面是综合的，指出了未来L3收购研究更有希望的方向。
