Abstract：
This article delves into the implications of neurotechnologies for the philosophical debates surrounding free will and moral responsibility. Tracing the concept from ancient religious and philosophical roots, we discuss how recent neurotechnological advancements (e.g. optogenetics, fMRI and machine learning, predictive diagnostics, et al.) challenge traditional notions of autonomy. Although neurotechnologies aim to enhance autonomy in the strict sense - as self-determination - they risk reducing or changing the broader notion of autonomy, which involves personal authenticity. We also submit that, in a world with an altered or limited concept of free will, humans should still be held accountable for actions executed through their bodies. By examining the dynamic between choice and responsibility, we emphasize the shift in technology ethics, moral philosophy, and the broader legal landscape in response to the advancement of neurotechnologies. By bringing the neurotechnological innovations into the world, neuroscientists not only change the technological landscape but also partake in long-standing moral narratives about freedom, justice, and responsibility.
摘要：
本文深入探讨了神经技术对围绕自由意志和道德责任的哲学辩论的影响。从古代宗教和哲学根源追踪概念，我们讨论最近的神经技术进步(例如光遗传学，fMRI和机器学习，预测性诊断，etal.)挑战传统的自治观念。尽管神经技术旨在增强严格意义上的自主性-作为自决-它们冒着减少或改变更广泛的自主性概念的风险，涉及个人真实性。我们还提出，在一个自由意志概念改变或有限的世界里，人类仍然应该对通过其身体执行的行为负责。通过研究选择和责任之间的动态，我们强调技术伦理的转变，道德哲学,以及更广泛的法律环境，以应对神经技术的进步。通过将神经技术创新带入世界，神经科学家不仅改变了技术格局，而且参与了关于自由的长期道德叙事，正义,和责任。
