PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Sex estimate is a key stage in forensic science for identifying individuals. Some anatomical structures may be useful for sex estimation since they retain their integrity even after highly severe events. However, few studies are focusing on the Chinese population. Some researchers used teeth for sex estimation, but comparison with maxillary sinus were lack. As a result, the objective of this research is to develop a sex estimation formula for the northwestern Chinese population by the volume of the maxillary sinus and compare with the accuracy of sex estimation based on teeth through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
METHODS: CBCT images from 349 samples were used to establish and verify the formula. The volume of both the left and right maxillary sinuses was measured and examined for appropriate formula coefficients. To create the formula, we randomly picked 80% of the data as the training set and 20% of the samples as the testing set. Another set of samples, including 20 males and 20 females, were used to compare the accuracy of maxillary sinuses and teeth.
RESULTS: Overall, sex estimation accuracy by volume of the left maxillary sinus can reach 78.57%, while by the volume of the right maxillary sinus can reach 74.29%. The accuracy for females, which can reach 91.43% using the left maxillary sinus, was significantly higher than that for males, which was 65.71%. The result also shows that maxillary sinus volume was higher in males. The comparison with the available results using measurements of teeth for sex estimation performed by our group showed that the accuracy of sex estimation using canines volume was higher than the one using maxillary sinus volume, the accuracies based on mesiodistal diameter of canine and first molar were the same or lower than the volume of maxillary sinus.
CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that measurement of maxillary sinus volume based on CBCT scans was an available and alternative method for sex estimation. And we established a method to accurately assess the sex of the northwest Chinese population. The comparison with the results of teeth measurements made the conclusion more reliable.
METHODS: CBCT images from 349 samples were used to establish and verify the formula. The volume of both the left and right maxillary sinuses was measured and examined for appropriate formula coefficients. To create the formula, we randomly picked 80% of the data as the training set and 20% of the samples as the testing set. Another set of samples, including 20 males and 20 females, were used to compare the accuracy of maxillary sinuses and teeth.
RESULTS: Overall, sex estimation accuracy by volume of the left maxillary sinus can reach 78.57%, while by the volume of the right maxillary sinus can reach 74.29%. The accuracy for females, which can reach 91.43% using the left maxillary sinus, was significantly higher than that for males, which was 65.71%. The result also shows that maxillary sinus volume was higher in males. The comparison with the available results using measurements of teeth for sex estimation performed by our group showed that the accuracy of sex estimation using canines volume was higher than the one using maxillary sinus volume, the accuracies based on mesiodistal diameter of canine and first molar were the same or lower than the volume of maxillary sinus.
CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that measurement of maxillary sinus volume based on CBCT scans was an available and alternative method for sex estimation. And we established a method to accurately assess the sex of the northwest Chinese population. The comparison with the results of teeth measurements made the conclusion more reliable.
摘要：
背景：性别评估是法医学中识别个体的关键阶段。一些解剖结构对于性别估计可能是有用的,因为它们即使在高度严重的事件之后仍保持其完整性。然而,很少有研究关注中国人口。一些研究人员使用牙齿进行性别估计，但缺乏与上颌窦的比较。因此,本研究的目的是通过上颌窦的体积为中国西北地区人群制定性别估计公式,并通过锥形束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)与基于牙齿的性别估计的准确性进行比较.
方法：使用349个样本的CBCT图像建立并验证公式。测量左右上颌窦的体积，并检查适当的公式系数。要创建公式，我们随机选取80%的数据作为训练集，20%的样本作为测试集。另一组样本,包括20名男性和20名女性，用于比较上颌窦和牙齿的准确性。
结果：总体而言，左上颌窦容积性别估计准确率可达78.57%,而右侧上颌窦的体积可达到74.29%。女性的准确性，使用左上颌窦可以达到91.43%，明显高于男性，为65.71%。结果还表明，男性上颌窦体积较高。与我们小组进行的使用牙齿测量进行性别估计的可用结果的比较表明，使用犬体积进行性别估计的准确性高于使用上颌窦体积进行性别估计的准确性，基于犬和第一磨牙的中远端直径的准确性与上颌窦的体积相同或低于上颌窦的体积。
结论：该研究表明，基于CBCT扫描的上颌窦体积测量是一种可用的替代性别评估方法。并建立了准确评估中国西北地区人群性别的方法。与牙齿测量结果的比较使结论更加可靠。
方法：使用349个样本的CBCT图像建立并验证公式。测量左右上颌窦的体积，并检查适当的公式系数。要创建公式，我们随机选取80%的数据作为训练集，20%的样本作为测试集。另一组样本,包括20名男性和20名女性，用于比较上颌窦和牙齿的准确性。
结果：总体而言，左上颌窦容积性别估计准确率可达78.57%,而右侧上颌窦的体积可达到74.29%。女性的准确性，使用左上颌窦可以达到91.43%，明显高于男性，为65.71%。结果还表明，男性上颌窦体积较高。与我们小组进行的使用牙齿测量进行性别估计的可用结果的比较表明，使用犬体积进行性别估计的准确性高于使用上颌窦体积进行性别估计的准确性，基于犬和第一磨牙的中远端直径的准确性与上颌窦的体积相同或低于上颌窦的体积。
结论：该研究表明，基于CBCT扫描的上颌窦体积测量是一种可用的替代性别评估方法。并建立了准确评估中国西北地区人群性别的方法。与牙齿测量结果的比较使结论更加可靠。
