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Abstract：
Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a rare inflammatory breast disease with unknown etiology, characterized by non-caseous granulomatous inflammation of the lobules, which infiltrate lymphocytes, neutrophils, plasma cells, monocytes, and eosinophils may accompany. GLM is often misdiagnosed as breast cancer due to the lack of specificity in clinical and imaging examinations, and therefore histopathology is the main basis for confirming the diagnosis. This review provides an overview of the pathological features of granulomatous lobular mastitis and cystic neutrophil granulomatous mastitis (CNGM, a pathologic subtype of GLM). As well as pathologic manifestations of other breast diseases that need to be differentiated from granulomatous lobular mastitis such as breast tuberculosis, lymphocytic mastopathy/diabetic mastopathy, IgG4-related sclerosing mastitis (IgG4-RSM), nodular disease, Wegener\'s granulomatosis, and plasma cell mastitis. Besides, discusses GLM and CNGM, GLM and breast cancer, emphasizing that their relationship deserves further in-depth exploration. The pathogenesis of GLM has not yet been clearly articulated and needs to be further explored, pathology enables direct observation of the microscopic manifestations of the disease and contributes to further investigation of the pathogenesis.
摘要：
肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎(GLM)是一种病因不明的罕见炎症性乳腺疾病,以小叶的非干酪样肉芽肿炎症为特征，浸润淋巴细胞，中性粒细胞，浆细胞,单核细胞,和嗜酸性粒细胞可能伴随。由于临床和影像学检查缺乏特异性，GLM常被误诊为乳腺癌。因此组织病理学是确认诊断的主要依据。这篇综述概述了肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎和囊性中性粒细胞肉芽肿性乳腺炎的病理特征（CNGM，GLM的病理亚型)。以及需要与肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎（如乳腺结核）区分的其他乳腺疾病的病理表现，淋巴细胞性乳腺病/糖尿病性乳腺病，IgG4相关性硬化性乳腺炎（IgG4-RSM），结节性疾病,韦格纳肉芽肿病,和浆细胞性乳腺炎.此外,讨论GLM和CNGM，GLM和乳腺癌，强调他们的关系值得进一步深入探索。GLM的发病机制尚未明确,需要进一步探讨,病理学可以直接观察疾病的微观表现，并有助于进一步研究发病机理。
