Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Interpersonal violence impacts communities, victims, perpetrators, families, and children. This audit of 315 cases of non-sexual assault compares characteristics of general assault to those of non-fatal strangulation (NFS).
METHODS: Clinical review of all cases referred to Clinical Forensics Australian Capital Territory (CFACT) by ACT Policing between 2018 and 2022, following allegations of non-sexual assault. Descriptions of the model of care, victim characteristics, alleged perpetrators, and presentations in NFS versus general assault, from forensic medical examination.
RESULTS: Patients: Of 315 cases, 170 were victims of NFS, females (153/170, 90%), males 16/170 (9%), and one person with another preferred term. General assault cases comprised 145/315 (46%) presentations, 69/145 (47.6%) patients being female, 76/145 (52.4%) male. A majority of individuals who experienced NFS 113/170 (66%) presented within 12 h of the events, 41% of victims thought they might die during the NFS. Perpetrators: Most NFS perpetrators were male (161/170: 95%), NFS was mostly perpetrated by a partner 104/170 (62%), ex-partner 35/170 (21%), or family member 17/170 (10%). Repeated assaults by the same perpetrator was common 109/170 (64%). Children were present in 48/170 (28%) cases of NFS.
CONCLUSIONS: NFS is gendered violence overwhelmingly affecting women, many experience NFS repeatedly. Later presentation may affect clinical signs, symptoms, and evidence collection. Forensic medicine management of NFS provides an opportunity to effect change, especially in those who thought they may die during the attack. Intervention to prevent trauma in children may be enabled by reporting their presence during an assault. Twenty-four-hour service provision enables both clinical and forensic assessment following NFS.
CONCLUSIONS: NFS is gendered, mostly affecting women, occurs in a family violence context, perpetrated by current and/or ex-partners, and often occurs with children present. Clinical forensic medicine doctors can provide care and support, provide referrals, and collect forensic medical evidence to support legal process.
METHODS: Clinical review of all cases referred to Clinical Forensics Australian Capital Territory (CFACT) by ACT Policing between 2018 and 2022, following allegations of non-sexual assault. Descriptions of the model of care, victim characteristics, alleged perpetrators, and presentations in NFS versus general assault, from forensic medical examination.
RESULTS: Patients: Of 315 cases, 170 were victims of NFS, females (153/170, 90%), males 16/170 (9%), and one person with another preferred term. General assault cases comprised 145/315 (46%) presentations, 69/145 (47.6%) patients being female, 76/145 (52.4%) male. A majority of individuals who experienced NFS 113/170 (66%) presented within 12 h of the events, 41% of victims thought they might die during the NFS. Perpetrators: Most NFS perpetrators were male (161/170: 95%), NFS was mostly perpetrated by a partner 104/170 (62%), ex-partner 35/170 (21%), or family member 17/170 (10%). Repeated assaults by the same perpetrator was common 109/170 (64%). Children were present in 48/170 (28%) cases of NFS.
CONCLUSIONS: NFS is gendered violence overwhelmingly affecting women, many experience NFS repeatedly. Later presentation may affect clinical signs, symptoms, and evidence collection. Forensic medicine management of NFS provides an opportunity to effect change, especially in those who thought they may die during the attack. Intervention to prevent trauma in children may be enabled by reporting their presence during an assault. Twenty-four-hour service provision enables both clinical and forensic assessment following NFS.
CONCLUSIONS: NFS is gendered, mostly affecting women, occurs in a family violence context, perpetrated by current and/or ex-partners, and often occurs with children present. Clinical forensic medicine doctors can provide care and support, provide referrals, and collect forensic medical evidence to support legal process.
摘要：
背景：人际暴力影响社区，受害者,肇事者，家庭,还有孩子.对315例非性侵犯案件的审计将一般攻击的特征与非致命勒死（NFS）的特征进行了比较。
方法：在非性侵犯指控之后，对2018年至2022年之间由ACT警务转介给澳大利亚首都地区（CFACT）的所有病例进行临床审查。护理模式的描述，受害者特征,被指控的肇事者,以及NFS与一般攻击的演示，法医检查。
结果：患者：315例，170人是NFS的受害者,女性（153/170，90%）男性16/170（9%），和一个人有另一个首选术语。一般袭击案件包括145/315（46％）陈述，69/145（47.6％）患者为女性，男性76/145（52.4%）。大多数经历NFS113/170（66％）的人在事件发生后12小时内出现，41％的受害者认为他们可能在NFS期间死亡。犯罪者：大多数NFS犯罪者是男性（161/170：95％），NFS主要由合作伙伴104/170（62％）实施，前合伙人35/170（21%），或家庭成员17/170（10％）。同一肇事者的重复攻击是常见的109/170（64％）。48/170例（28％）NFS中存在儿童。
结论：NFS是性别暴力压倒性地影响女性，许多人反复体验NFS。后期表现可能会影响临床体征，症状,和证据收集。NFS的法医学管理提供了实现变革的机会，尤其是那些认为自己可能在袭击中死亡的人。预防儿童创伤的干预可以通过报告他们在攻击期间的存在来实现。24小时的服务提供可以在NFS之后进行临床和法医评估。
结论：NFS是性别化的，主要影响女性，发生在家庭暴力的背景下，由现任和/或前合伙人犯下，经常发生在孩子在场的情况下。临床法医医生可以提供护理和支持，提供转介，并收集法医证据以支持法律程序。
方法：在非性侵犯指控之后，对2018年至2022年之间由ACT警务转介给澳大利亚首都地区（CFACT）的所有病例进行临床审查。护理模式的描述，受害者特征,被指控的肇事者,以及NFS与一般攻击的演示，法医检查。
结果：患者：315例，170人是NFS的受害者,女性（153/170，90%）男性16/170（9%），和一个人有另一个首选术语。一般袭击案件包括145/315（46％）陈述，69/145（47.6％）患者为女性，男性76/145（52.4%）。大多数经历NFS113/170（66％）的人在事件发生后12小时内出现，41％的受害者认为他们可能在NFS期间死亡。犯罪者：大多数NFS犯罪者是男性（161/170：95％），NFS主要由合作伙伴104/170（62％）实施，前合伙人35/170（21%），或家庭成员17/170（10％）。同一肇事者的重复攻击是常见的109/170（64％）。48/170例（28％）NFS中存在儿童。
结论：NFS是性别暴力压倒性地影响女性，许多人反复体验NFS。后期表现可能会影响临床体征，症状,和证据收集。NFS的法医学管理提供了实现变革的机会，尤其是那些认为自己可能在袭击中死亡的人。预防儿童创伤的干预可以通过报告他们在攻击期间的存在来实现。24小时的服务提供可以在NFS之后进行临床和法医评估。
结论：NFS是性别化的，主要影响女性，发生在家庭暴力的背景下，由现任和/或前合伙人犯下，经常发生在孩子在场的情况下。临床法医医生可以提供护理和支持，提供转介，并收集法医证据以支持法律程序。
