Abstract：
Vector-borne diseases pose a significant public health challenge in economically disadvantaged nations. Malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and lymphatic filariasis are spread by mosquitoes. Consequently, the most effective method of preventing these diseases is to eliminate the mosquito population. Historically, the majority of control programs have depended on chemical pesticides, including organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids. Synthetic insecticides used to eradicate pests have the potential to contaminate groundwater, surface water, beneficial soil organisms, and non-target species. Nanotechnology is an innovative technology that has the potential to be used in insect control with great precision. The goal of this study was to test the in vitro anti-dengue potential and mosquitocidal activity of Chaetomorpha aerea and C. aerea-synthesized Mn-doped superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (CA-Mn-SPIONs). The synthesis of CA-Mn-SPIONs using C. aerea extract was verified by the observable alteration in the colour of the reaction mixture, transitioning from a pale green colour to a brown. The study of UV-Vis spectra revealed absorbance peaks at approximately 290 nm, which can be attributed to the surface Plasmon resonance of the CA-Mn-SPIONs. The SEM, TEM, EDX, FTIR, vibrating sample magnetometry, and XRD analyses provided evidence that confirmed the presence of CA-Mn-SPIONs. In the present study, results revealed that C. aerea aqueous extract LC50 values against Ae. aegypti ranged from 222.942 (first instar larvae) to 349.877 ppm in bioassays (pupae). CA-Mn-SPIONs had LC50 ranging from 20.199 (first instar larvae) to 26.918 ppm (pupae). After treatment with 40 ppm CA-Mn-SPIONs and 500 ppm C. aerea extract in ovicidal tests, egg hatchability was lowered by 100%. Oviposition deterrence experiments showed that in Ae. aegypti, oviposition rates were lowered by more than 66% by 100 ppm of green algal extract and by more than 71% by 10 ppm of CA-Mn-SPIONs (oviposition activity index values were 0.50 and 0.55, respectively). Moreover, in vitro anti-dengue activity of CA-Mn-SPIONs has good anti-viral property against dengue viral cell lines. In addition, GC-MS analysis showed that 21 intriguing chemicals were discovered. Two significant phytoconstituents in the methanol extract of C. aerea include butanoic acid and palmitic acid. These two substances were examined using an in silico methodology against the NS5 methyltransferase protein and demonstrated good glide scores and binding affinities. Finally, we looked into the morphological damage and fluorescent emission of third instar Ae. aegypti larvae treated with CA-Mn-SPIONs. Fluorescent emission is consistent with ROS formation of CA-Mn-SPIONs against Ae. aegypti larvae. The present study determines that the key variables for the successful development of new insecticidal agents are rooted in the eco-compatibility and the provision of alternative tool for the pesticide manufacturing sector.
摘要：
媒介传播疾病在经济处境不利的国家构成了重大的公共卫生挑战。疟疾,登革热,基孔肯雅,Zika,黄热病,日本脑炎,淋巴丝虫病是由蚊子传播的。因此,预防这些疾病的最有效方法是消灭蚊子。历史上,大多数控制计划依赖于化学农药，包括有机氯,有机磷酸酯,氨基甲酸酯,和拟除虫菊酯.用于根除害虫的合成杀虫剂有可能污染地下水，地表水,有益的土壤生物，和非目标物种。纳米技术是一种创新技术，有可能以高精度用于昆虫控制。这项研究的目的是测试Chaetomorphaaerea和C.aerea合成的Mn掺杂的超顺磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒（CA-Mn-SPIONs）的体外抗登革热潜力和杀蚊活性。使用C.aerea提取物合成CA-Mn-SPIONs通过反应混合物颜色的可观察变化来验证，从浅绿色过渡到棕色。紫外-可见光谱的研究显示吸收峰在约290nm，这可以归因于CA-Mn-SPIONs的表面等离子体共振。SEM,TEM,EDX,FTIR,振动样品磁强计，和XRD分析提供了证实CA-Mn-SPIONs存在的证据。在本研究中,结果表明，C.aerea水提取物LC50值对Ae。在生物测定中，埃及伊蚊的范围从222.942（第一龄幼虫）到349.877ppm（p）。CA-Mn-SPION的LC50范围为20.199（第一龄幼虫）至26.918ppm（p）。在用40ppmCA-Mn-SPIONs和500ppmC.aerea提取物处理后，卵孵化率降低了100%。产卵威慑实验表明，在Ae。埃及伊蚊,100ppm的绿藻提取物使产卵率降低了66％以上，而10ppm的CA-Mn-SPIONs则降低了71％以上（产卵活性指数值分别为0.50和0.55）。此外，CA-Mn-SPIONs的体外抗登革热活性对登革热病毒细胞系具有良好的抗病毒性能。此外,GC-MS分析表明，发现了21种有趣的化学物质。C.aerea的甲醇提取物中的两种重要的植物成分包括丁酸和棕榈酸。使用针对NS5甲基转移酶蛋白的计算机模拟方法检查了这两种物质，并显示出良好的滑动评分和结合亲和力。最后,我们研究了三龄Ae的形态损伤和荧光发射。用CA-Mn-SPIONs处理的埃及伊蚊幼虫。荧光发射与针对Ae的CA-Mn-SPION的ROS形成一致。埃及伊蚊幼虫.本研究确定，成功开发新型杀虫剂的关键变量源于生态相容性和为农药制造部门提供替代工具。
