Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia is often associated with severe difficulties in social functioning, resulting in increased isolation and subsequent loneliness. Interpersonal distance - the amount of space around an individual\'s body during social interaction - can signal such difficulties. However, little is known about how individuals with schizophrenia regulate their interpersonal distance during social encounters. Summarizing the current empirical findings of interpersonal distance regulation in schizophrenia can bring novel perspectives for understanding interpersonal difficulties observed in this clinical population.
METHODS: This systematic review examined empirical studies indexed in Web of Science and PubMed based on a-priori-defined criteria. 1164 studies were screened with the final review consisting of 14 studies. They together included 1145 adult participants, of whom 668 were diagnosed with schizophrenia or psychotic disorder.
RESULTS: The studies clearly showed that patients maintain greater interpersonal distances than do controls. Furthermore, a larger distance was linked to more severe positive and negative symptoms. More specifically, the link to symptoms was more pronounced when patients were being approached by someone else during interactions. On a neurobiological level, the increased activity and functional connectivity of the dorsal inferior parietal sulcus and increased subjective state-dependent stress are further indicated as being potentially related to increase interpersonal distancing in schizophrenia.
CONCLUSIONS: We provided information about the aberrant modulation of interpersonal distance in schizophrenia. Studies showed substantial heterogeneity in tasks used to measure interpersonal distance. Future studies should look at links to social functioning, underlying neurobiology, and neuroendocrinal regulation of interpersonal space in schizophrenia.
METHODS: This systematic review examined empirical studies indexed in Web of Science and PubMed based on a-priori-defined criteria. 1164 studies were screened with the final review consisting of 14 studies. They together included 1145 adult participants, of whom 668 were diagnosed with schizophrenia or psychotic disorder.
RESULTS: The studies clearly showed that patients maintain greater interpersonal distances than do controls. Furthermore, a larger distance was linked to more severe positive and negative symptoms. More specifically, the link to symptoms was more pronounced when patients were being approached by someone else during interactions. On a neurobiological level, the increased activity and functional connectivity of the dorsal inferior parietal sulcus and increased subjective state-dependent stress are further indicated as being potentially related to increase interpersonal distancing in schizophrenia.
CONCLUSIONS: We provided information about the aberrant modulation of interpersonal distance in schizophrenia. Studies showed substantial heterogeneity in tasks used to measure interpersonal distance. Future studies should look at links to social functioning, underlying neurobiology, and neuroendocrinal regulation of interpersonal space in schizophrenia.
摘要：
目的：精神分裂症通常与社会功能严重困难有关，导致与世隔绝和随后的孤独。人际距离——社交互动过程中个人身体周围的空间量——可以表明这种困难。然而,关于精神分裂症患者在社交过程中如何调节他们的人际距离，人们知之甚少。总结精神分裂症中人际距离调节的当前经验发现，可以为理解在该临床人群中观察到的人际困难带来新的视角。
方法：本系统综述研究了基于先验定义的标准在WebofScience和PubMed中索引的实证研究。筛选了1164项研究，最终审查由14项研究组成。他们总共包括1145名成年参与者，其中668人被诊断为精神分裂症或精神病。
结果：研究清楚地表明，患者比对照组保持更大的人际关系距离。此外，距离越大,阳性和阴性症状越严重.更具体地说,当患者在互动过程中被他人接近时,与症状的联系更为明显.在神经生物学水平上，背下顶沟的活动和功能连接的增加以及主观状态依赖性应激的增加进一步被认为可能与精神分裂症患者的人际距离增加有关.
结论：我们提供了有关精神分裂症中人际关系距离异常调节的信息。研究表明，用于衡量人际距离的任务具有很大的异质性。未来的研究应该着眼于与社会功能的联系，潜在的神经生物学，精神分裂症患者人际空间的神经内分泌调节。
方法：本系统综述研究了基于先验定义的标准在WebofScience和PubMed中索引的实证研究。筛选了1164项研究，最终审查由14项研究组成。他们总共包括1145名成年参与者，其中668人被诊断为精神分裂症或精神病。
结果：研究清楚地表明，患者比对照组保持更大的人际关系距离。此外，距离越大,阳性和阴性症状越严重.更具体地说,当患者在互动过程中被他人接近时,与症状的联系更为明显.在神经生物学水平上，背下顶沟的活动和功能连接的增加以及主观状态依赖性应激的增加进一步被认为可能与精神分裂症患者的人际距离增加有关.
结论：我们提供了有关精神分裂症中人际关系距离异常调节的信息。研究表明，用于衡量人际距离的任务具有很大的异质性。未来的研究应该着眼于与社会功能的联系，潜在的神经生物学，精神分裂症患者人际空间的神经内分泌调节。
