PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Poor management of fecal sludge (FSM) presents significant risks to public health and the environment. This study employed qualitative and quantitative data collection methods, along with the Shit Flow Diagram (SFD) data analyzing tool to investigate FSM patterns in Kombolcha town, Ethiopia. The findings indicate that 75.7% of housing unites in the town are shared toilets, with multiple households sharing a single facility. The primary toilet technologies used include cistern flush toilets (2.1%), pour/manual flush toilets (19.8%), ventilated improved pit latrines (11.1%), pit latrines with slabs (56.4%), and pit latrines without slabs (10.6%). However, 98.5% of these toilet types had either unlined or only partially lined containments. Furthermore, only 37% of households practice safe pit or sludge tank emptying. As a result, only 17% of fecal sludge goes through the sanitation value chain and is effectively treated, while 39% remains onsite and unemptied, and the remaining 44% is disposed of in a manner that poses risks to the environment and public health. The study highlights the significant public health and environmental risks associated with the high reliance on shared toilets, the prevalence of inadequately lined toilet types, and the low adoption of proper fecal sludge management practices. Addressing these challenges requires the implementation of sanitation bylaws and building code regulations that prioritize hygienic standards and promote improved toilet technologies.
摘要：
粪便污泥（FSM）管理不善对公共卫生和环境构成重大风险。本研究采用定性和定量的数据收集方法，与狗屎流程图(SFD)数据分析工具一起调查Kombolcha镇的FSM模式，埃塞俄比亚。调查结果表明，该镇75.7％的住房单位是共用厕所，多个家庭共享一个设施。使用的主要厕所技术包括水箱冲水厕所(2.1%),倒/手动冲水马桶(19.8%)，通风改善坑式厕所(11.1%),有板的坑式厕所(56.4%),和无石板的坑式厕所(10.6%)。然而,这些厕所类型中有98.5％的容器没有衬里或仅部分衬里。此外，只有37%的家庭实行安全坑或污泥池排空。因此,只有17%的粪便污泥通过卫生价值链并得到有效处理，而39%的人仍然在现场并且没有被清空，其余44%的处置方式对环境和公众健康构成风险。这项研究强调了与高度依赖共用厕所有关的重大公共卫生和环境风险，厕所类型不足的普遍存在，以及采用适当的粪便污泥管理措施的比例较低。应对这些挑战需要实施卫生细则和建筑法规，以优先考虑卫生标准并促进改进的厕所技术。
