Abstract：
Echocardiography is widely available in most cardiac centers, plays a key role in both the diagnosis and management of IE, is often the first-hand imaging modality, and should be performed immediately when mitral regurgitation is suspected. In addition, it is helpful during therapy and after surgery to assess valve morphology and function, complications, and heart function. In particular, transthoracic echocardiography is useful to detect new silent complications, monitor vegetation size, assess perivalvular abscess formation, pseudoaneurysm, intracardiac fistula and valvular perforation, as well as examine the embolic risk. In addition, echocardiographic outcomes differences among cardiovascular outcomes assessment of the MitraClip percutaneous therapy for heart failure patients with functional mitral regurgitation (COAPT) like and non COAPT-like patients have shown that non COAPT-like patients had higher left ventricular (LV) dimensions and overall contractility therefore, differences in clinical outcomes have been underestimated. Mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (MTEER) is an established therapeutic approach for mitral regurgitation (MR). Recurrence of MR after TEER with MitraClip is a concern due to increased patients\' hospital readmission rate and increasing hospital costs. However, little is known about clinical, valvular, or ventricular parameters that may impact postinterventional course and recurrence of MR after TEER. While individual long-term echocardiographic outcomes of functional vs degenerative MR have been described, there is little data on follow-up echocardiographic outcomes comparing functional vs degenerative MR.
摘要：
超声心动图在大多数心脏中心广泛使用，在IE的诊断和管理中起着关键作用，通常是第一手的成像模式，当怀疑二尖瓣反流时，应立即进行。此外,在治疗期间和手术后评估瓣膜形态和功能是有帮助的，并发症,和心脏功能。特别是,经胸超声心动图可用于检测新的沉默并发症，监测植被大小，评估瓣膜周围脓肿形成，假性动脉瘤,心内瘘和瓣膜穿孔，以及检查栓塞风险。此外,对于功能性二尖瓣反流(COAPT)样和非COAPT样心力衰竭患者,经MitraClip经皮治疗的心血管结局评估之间的差异,超声心动图显示非COAPT样患者的左心室(LV)尺寸和总体收缩力更高,临床结局的差异被低估了.二尖瓣经导管边缘到边缘修复（MTEER）是二尖瓣反流（MR）的既定治疗方法。使用MitraClip的TEER后MR复发是一个值得关注的问题，原因是患者的再入院率增加和住院费用增加。然而,对临床知之甚少，瓣膜,或可能影响TEER后MR的介入后病程和复发的心室参数。虽然已经描述了功能性MR与退行性MR的个体长期超声心动图结果，关于功能性与退行性MR的随访超声心动图结果的数据很少。
