Abstract：
Salmonella is as an intracellular bacterium, causing many human fatalities when the host-specific serotypes reach the host gastrointestinal tract. Nontyphoidal Salmonella are responsible for numerous foodborne outbreaks and product recalls worldwide whereas typhoidal Salmonella are responsible for Typhoid fever cases in developing countries. Yet, Salmonella-related foodborne disease outbreaks through its food and water contaminations have urged the advancement of rapid and sensitive Salmonella-detecting methods for public health protection. While conventional detection methods are time-consuming and ineffective for monitoring foodstuffs with short shelf lives, advances in microbiology, molecular biology and biosensor methods have hastened the detection. Here, the review discusses Salmonella pathogenic mechanisms and its detection technology advancements (fundamental concepts, features, implementations, efficiency, benefits, limitations and prospects). The time-efficiency of each rapid test method is discussed in relation to their limit of detections (LODs) and time required from sample enrichment to final data analysis. Importantly, the matrix effects (LODs and sample enrichments) were compared within the methods to potentially speculate Salmonella detection from environmental, clinical or food matrices using certain techniques. Although biotechnological advancements have led to various time-efficient Salmonella-detecting techniques, one should consider the usage of sophisticated equipment to run the analysis by moderately to highly trained personnel. Ultimately, a fast, accurate Salmonella screening that is readily executed by untrained personnels from various matrices, is desired for public health procurement.
摘要：
沙门氏菌是一种胞内细菌，当宿主特异性血清型到达宿主胃肠道时，会导致许多人死亡。非伤寒沙门氏菌在全球范围内引起许多食源性暴发和产品召回，而伤寒沙门氏菌在发展中国家引起伤寒病例。然而，通过其食物和水污染，沙门氏菌相关的食源性疾病爆发已敦促提高快速和敏感的沙门氏菌检测方法，以保护公共卫生。虽然传统的检测方法对于监测保质期短的食品耗时且无效，微生物学的进步，分子生物学和生物传感器方法加速了检测。这里,这篇综述讨论了沙门氏菌的致病机制及其检测技术的进步(基本概念，特点,实现，效率,好处,局限性和前景)。讨论了每种快速测试方法的时间效率与其检测极限（LOD）以及从样品富集到最终数据分析所需的时间有关。重要的是,在方法中比较了基质效应（LODs和样品富集），以潜在地推测沙门氏菌从环境中检测，使用某些技术的临床或食物基质。尽管生物技术的进步已经导致了各种省时的沙门氏菌检测技术，人们应该考虑使用先进的设备来由受过适度培训的人员进行分析。最终,一个快速的，准确的沙门氏菌筛查，容易由来自各种矩阵的未经训练的人员执行，是公共卫生采购所需要的。
