Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Since November 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has created challenges for preventing and managing COVID-19 in children and adolescents. Most research to develop new therapeutic interventions or to repurpose existing ones has been undertaken in adults, and although most cases of infection in pediatric populations are mild, there have been many cases of critical and fatal infection. Understanding the risk factors for severe illness and the evidence for safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of therapies for COVID-19 in children is necessary to optimize therapy.
METHODS: A panel of experts in pediatric infectious diseases, pediatric infectious diseases pharmacology, and pediatric intensive care medicine from 21 geographically diverse North American institutions was re-convened. Through a series of teleconferences and web-based surveys and a systematic review with meta-analysis of data for risk factors, a guidance statement comprising a series of recommendations for risk stratification, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19 was developed and refined based on expert consensus.
RESULTS: There are identifiable clinical characteristics that enable risk stratification for patients at risk for severe COVID-19. These risk factors can be used to guide the treatment of hospitalized and non-hospitalized children and adolescents with COVID-19 and to guide preventative therapy where options remain available.
METHODS: A panel of experts in pediatric infectious diseases, pediatric infectious diseases pharmacology, and pediatric intensive care medicine from 21 geographically diverse North American institutions was re-convened. Through a series of teleconferences and web-based surveys and a systematic review with meta-analysis of data for risk factors, a guidance statement comprising a series of recommendations for risk stratification, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19 was developed and refined based on expert consensus.
RESULTS: There are identifiable clinical characteristics that enable risk stratification for patients at risk for severe COVID-19. These risk factors can be used to guide the treatment of hospitalized and non-hospitalized children and adolescents with COVID-19 and to guide preventative therapy where options remain available.
摘要：
背景：自2019年11月以来，SARS-CoV-2大流行给儿童和青少年预防和管理COVID-19带来了挑战。大多数开发新的治疗干预措施或重新调整现有干预措施的研究都是在成年人身上进行的，尽管大多数儿科感染病例都是轻度的，有许多严重和致命的感染病例。了解严重疾病的危险因素和安全证据，功效,儿童COVID-19治疗的有效性对于优化治疗是必要的。
方法：儿科传染病专家小组，儿科传染病药理学，来自21个地理上不同的北美机构的儿科重症监护医学重新召集。通过一系列电话会议和基于网络的调查以及对风险因素数据进行荟萃分析的系统评价，包含一系列风险分层建议的指导声明，治疗,COVID-19的预防是根据专家共识制定和完善的。
结果：有可识别的临床特征可以对有严重COVID-19风险的患者进行风险分层。这些风险因素可用于指导COVID-19住院和非住院儿童和青少年的治疗，并在仍有选择的情况下指导预防性治疗。
方法：儿科传染病专家小组，儿科传染病药理学，来自21个地理上不同的北美机构的儿科重症监护医学重新召集。通过一系列电话会议和基于网络的调查以及对风险因素数据进行荟萃分析的系统评价，包含一系列风险分层建议的指导声明，治疗,COVID-19的预防是根据专家共识制定和完善的。
结果：有可识别的临床特征可以对有严重COVID-19风险的患者进行风险分层。这些风险因素可用于指导COVID-19住院和非住院儿童和青少年的治疗，并在仍有选择的情况下指导预防性治疗。
