PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple cereal in the diet of more than half of the world\'s population. Within the European Union, Spain is a leader in rice production due to its climate and tradition, accounting for 26% of total EU production in 2020. The Valencian rice area covers around 15,000 hectares and is strongly influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. An important biotic factor affecting rice production is weeds, which compete with rice for sunlight, water and nutrients. The dominant weed in Spain is Echinochloa spp., although wild rice is becoming increasingly important. Rice cultivation in Valencia takes place in the area of L\'Albufera de Valencia, which is a natural park, i.e., a special protection area. In this natural area, the use of phytosanitary products is limited, so it is necessary to use the minimum amount possible. Therefore, the objective of this work is to evaluate the possibility of using remote sensing effectively to determine the effectiveness of the application of the herbicide cyhalofop-butyl by drone for the control of Echinochloa spp. in rice crops in Valencia. The results will be compared with those obtained by using sterilisation machines (electric backpack sprayers) to apply the herbicide. To evaluate the effectiveness of the application, the reflectance obtained by the satellite sensors in the red and near infrared (NIR) wavelengths, as well as the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), were used. The remote sensing results were analysed and complemented by the number of rice plants and weeds per area, plant dry weight, leaf area, BBCH phenological state, SPAD index values, chlorophyll content and relative growth rate. Remote sensing is validated as an effective tool for determining the efficacy of an herbicide in controlling weeds applied by both the drone and the electric backpack sprayer. The weeds slowed down their development after the treatment. Depending on the phenological state of the crop and the active ingredient of the herbicide, these results are applicable to other areas with different climatic and environmental conditions.
摘要：
水稻（OryzasativaL.）是世界上一半以上人口饮食中的主要谷物。在欧盟内部,由于其气候和传统，西班牙是水稻生产的领导者，占2020年欧盟总产量的26%。巴伦西亚水稻面积约为15,000公顷，受到生物和非生物因素的强烈影响。影响水稻生产的重要生物因子是杂草,与大米竞争阳光，水和营养。西班牙的主要杂草是Echinochloaspp。,虽然野生稻变得越来越重要。巴伦西亚的水稻种植发生在巴伦西亚地区，这是一个自然公园，即，特殊保护区。在这个自然区域，植物检疫产品的使用是有限的，所以有必要使用可能的最小量。因此,这项工作的目的是评估有效使用遥感来确定无人机应用除草剂环丁醚控制Echinochloaspp的有效性的可能性。在瓦伦西亚的水稻作物中。将结果与使用消毒机（电动背包喷雾器）施用除草剂获得的结果进行比较。为了评估应用程序的有效性，卫星传感器在红色和近红外（NIR）波长下获得的反射率，以及归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)，被使用。对遥感结果进行了分析，并补充了每个地区的水稻植株和杂草数量，植物干重，叶面积,BBCH物候状态,SPAD索引值,叶绿素含量和相对生长速率。遥感已被验证为确定除草剂在控制无人机和电动背包喷雾器施用的杂草方面的功效的有效工具。处理后，杂草减缓了发育。根据作物的物候状态和除草剂的活性成分，这些结果适用于其他气候和环境条件不同的地区。
