PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Selenium has been proven to influence several biological functions, showing to be an essential micronutrient. The functional studies demonstrated the benefits of a balanced selenium diet and how its deficiency is associated with diverse diseases, especially cancer and viral diseases. Selenium is an antioxidant, protecting the cells from damage, enhancing the immune system response, preventing cardiovascular diseases, and decreasing inflammation. Selenium can be found in its inorganic and organic forms, and its main form in the cells is the selenocysteine incorporated into selenoproteins. Twenty-five selenoproteins are currently known in the human genome: glutathione peroxidases, iodothyronine deiodinases, thioredoxin reductases, selenophosphate synthetase, and other selenoproteins. These proteins lead to the transport of selenium in the tissues, protect against oxidative damage, contribute to the stress of the endoplasmic reticulum, and control inflammation. Due to these functions, there has been growing interest in the influence of polymorphisms in selenoproteins in the last two decades. Selenoproteins\' gene polymorphisms may influence protein structure and selenium concentration in plasma and its absorption and even impact the development and progression of certain diseases. This review aims to elucidate the role of selenoproteins and understand how their gene polymorphisms can influence the balance of physiological conditions. In this polymorphism review, we focused on the PubMed database, with only articles published in English between 2003 and 2023. The keywords used were \"selenoprotein\" and \"polymorphism\". Articles that did not approach the theme subject were excluded. Selenium and selenoproteins still have a long way to go in molecular studies, and several works demonstrated the importance of their polymorphisms as a risk biomarker for some diseases, especially cardiovascular and thyroid diseases, diabetes, and cancer.
摘要：
硒已被证明可以影响多种生物学功能，显示为必需的微量营养素。功能研究证明了均衡硒饮食的好处，以及硒的缺乏与多种疾病的关系。尤其是癌症和病毒性疾病。硒是一种抗氧化剂,保护细胞免受损害，增强免疫系统的反应，预防心血管疾病，减少炎症。硒可以以无机和有机形式发现，其在细胞中的主要形式是掺入硒蛋白的硒代半胱氨酸。目前人类基因组中已知25种硒蛋白：谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶，碘甲状腺原氨酸脱碘酶，硫氧还蛋白还原酶，硒磷酸合成酶,和其他硒蛋白。这些蛋白质导致硒在组织中的运输，防止氧化损伤，有助于内质网的应激，控制炎症。由于这些功能，在过去的二十年中，人们对硒蛋白多态性的影响越来越感兴趣。硒蛋白基因多态性可能影响蛋白质结构和血浆硒浓度及其吸收，甚至影响某些疾病的发生和发展。这篇综述旨在阐明硒蛋白的作用，并了解其基因多态性如何影响生理条件的平衡。在这篇多态性综述中，我们专注于PubMed数据库，仅在2003年至2023年之间以英文发表的文章。使用的关键词是“硒蛋白”和“多态性”。不涉及主题的文章被排除在外。硒和硒蛋白在分子研究中还有很长的路要走，一些工作证明了它们的多态性作为某些疾病的风险生物标志物的重要性，尤其是心血管和甲状腺疾病，糖尿病,和癌症。
