Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent ocular surface disease that is conventionally characterized by tear film hyperosmolarity and instability. This review presents a summarized classification of DED, followed by a comprehensive discussion of the most recent topical and systemic medications and clinical recommendations for selecting the most appropriate option for each patient.
METHODS: An extensive literature search was conducted on electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, using keywords including \"dry eye syndrome,\" \"ocular surface disease,\" \"medical management,\" \"artificial tears,\" \"topical immunomodulators,\" and \"meibomian gland dysfunction.\"
RESULTS: The underlying reasons for DED can range from insufficient aqueous tear production to increased tear evaporation. Recent literature has provided a more in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology of DED by examining the tear film\'s lipid, aqueous, and mucin layers. However, despite these advancements, medical management of patients with symptomatic DED has not fully reflected this modernized knowledge of its pathophysiology.
CONCLUSIONS: To develop a rationalized strategy for treating DED, it is crucial to have updated knowledge of therapeutic options, their mechanisms of actions, and indications based on the DED type and underlying causes.
METHODS: An extensive literature search was conducted on electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, using keywords including \"dry eye syndrome,\" \"ocular surface disease,\" \"medical management,\" \"artificial tears,\" \"topical immunomodulators,\" and \"meibomian gland dysfunction.\"
RESULTS: The underlying reasons for DED can range from insufficient aqueous tear production to increased tear evaporation. Recent literature has provided a more in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology of DED by examining the tear film\'s lipid, aqueous, and mucin layers. However, despite these advancements, medical management of patients with symptomatic DED has not fully reflected this modernized knowledge of its pathophysiology.
CONCLUSIONS: To develop a rationalized strategy for treating DED, it is crucial to have updated knowledge of therapeutic options, their mechanisms of actions, and indications based on the DED type and underlying causes.
摘要：
目的：干眼病（DED）是一种常见的眼表疾病，通常以泪膜高渗透压和不稳定为特征。这篇综述概述了DED的分类，随后全面讨论了最新的局部用药和全身用药,以及为每位患者选择最合适方案的临床建议.
方法：对电子数据库进行了广泛的文献检索，比如PubMed,Scopus,和WebofScience,使用包括“干眼症”在内的关键词，“\”眼表疾病，\"\"医疗管理，\"\"人工泪液,\"\"局部免疫调节剂，“和”睑板腺功能障碍。\"
结果：DED的根本原因可能从水性泪液产生不足到泪液蒸发增加。最近的文献通过检查泪膜的脂质，对DED的病理生理学有了更深入的了解。水性，和粘蛋白层。然而,尽管有这些进步，有症状的DED患者的医疗管理尚未充分反映其病理生理学的现代化知识。
结论：为了制定治疗DED的合理化策略，更新治疗方案的知识是至关重要的，他们的行动机制，以及基于DED类型和根本原因的指示。
方法：对电子数据库进行了广泛的文献检索，比如PubMed,Scopus,和WebofScience,使用包括“干眼症”在内的关键词，“\”眼表疾病，\"\"医疗管理，\"\"人工泪液,\"\"局部免疫调节剂，“和”睑板腺功能障碍。\"
结果：DED的根本原因可能从水性泪液产生不足到泪液蒸发增加。最近的文献通过检查泪膜的脂质，对DED的病理生理学有了更深入的了解。水性，和粘蛋白层。然而,尽管有这些进步，有症状的DED患者的医疗管理尚未充分反映其病理生理学的现代化知识。
结论：为了制定治疗DED的合理化策略，更新治疗方案的知识是至关重要的，他们的行动机制，以及基于DED类型和根本原因的指示。
