PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Polymers as biomaterials possess favorable properties, which include corrosion resistance, light weight, biocompatibility, ease of processing, low cost, and an ability to be easily tailored to meet specific applications. However, their inherent low X-ray attenuation, resulting from the low atomic numbers of their constituent elements, i.e., hydrogen (1), carbon (6), nitrogen (7), and oxygen (8), makes them difficult to visualize radiographically. Imparting radiopacity to radiolucent polymeric implants is necessary to enable noninvasive evaluation of implantable medical devices using conventional imaging methods. Numerous studies have undertaken this by blending various polymers with contrast agents consisting of heavy elements. The selection of an appropriate contrast agent is important, primarily to ensure that it does not cause detrimental effects to the relevant mechanical and physical properties of the polymer depending upon the intended application. Furthermore, its biocompatibility with adjacent tissues and its excretion from the body require thorough evaluation. We aimed to summarize the current knowledge on contrast agents incorporated into synthetic polymers in the context of implantable medical devices. While a single review was found that discussed radiopacity in polymeric biomaterials, the publication is outdated and does not address contemporary polymers employed in implant applications. Our review provides an up-to-date overview of contrast agents incorporated into synthetic medical polymers, encompassing both temporary and permanent implants. We expect that our results will significantly inform and guide the strategic selection of contrast agents, considering the specific requirements of implantable polymeric medical devices.
摘要：
聚合物作为生物材料具有良好的性能，其中包括耐腐蚀性，重量轻,生物相容性，易于加工，低成本,以及能够轻松定制以满足特定应用的能力。然而,它们固有的低X射线衰减，由于其组成元素的原子序数低，即，氢(1),碳(6),氮气(7),氧气（8）使它们难以通过射线照相观察。为了能够使用常规成像方法对可植入医疗设备进行非侵入性评估，必须将射线不透性赋予射线可透聚合物植入物。通过将各种聚合物与由重元素组成的造影剂共混,已经进行了许多研究。选择合适的造影剂很重要，主要是确保它不会对聚合物的相关机械和物理性能造成有害影响,这取决于预期的应用。此外，它与邻近组织的生物相容性及其从体内的排泄需要彻底评估。我们旨在总结在可植入医疗设备的背景下将造影剂掺入合成聚合物的最新知识。虽然发现有一篇综述讨论了聚合物生物材料中的射线不透性，该出版物已过时，没有涉及植入物应用中使用的当代聚合物。我们的综述提供了最新的造影剂掺入合成医用聚合物的概述，包括临时和永久植入物。我们希望我们的结果将为对比剂的战略选择提供重要的信息和指导，考虑可植入聚合物医疗器械的具体要求。
