Abstract：
Pesticides due to their extensive use have entered the soil and water environment through various pathways, causing great harm to the environment. Herbicides and insecticides are common pesticides with long-term biological toxicity and bioaccumulation, which can harm the human body. The concept of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) involves systematically analyzing the response levels of chemical mixtures to health-related indicators at the molecular and cellular levels. The AOP correlates the structures of chemical pollutants, toxic molecular initiation events and adverse outcomes of biological toxicity, providing a new model for toxicity testing, prediction, and evaluation of pollutants. Therefore, typical pesticides including diquat (DIQ), cyanazine (CYA), dipterex (DIP), propoxur (PRO), and oxamyl (OXA) were selected as research objects to explore the combined toxicity of typical pesticides on Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) and their adverse outcome pathways (AOPs). The mixture systems of pesticides were designed by the direct equipartition ray (EquRay) method and uniform design ray (UD-Ray) method. The toxic effects of single pesticides and their mixtures were systematically investigated by the time-dependent microplate toxicity analysis (t-MTA) method. The interactions of their mixtures were analyzed by the concentration addition model (CA) and the deviation from the CA model (dCA). The toxicity data showed a good concentration-effect relationship; the toxicities of five pesticides were different and the order was CYA > DIQ > OXA > PRO > DIP. Binary, ternary and quaternary mixture systems exhibited antagonism, while quinary mixture systems exhibited an additive effect. The AOP of pesticides showed that an excessive accumulation of peroxide in green algae cells led to a decline in stress resistance, inhibition of the synthesis of chlorophyll and protein in algal cells, destruction of the cellular structure, and eventually led to algal cell death.
摘要：
农药由于其广泛使用,通过各种途径进入土壤和水环境,对环境造成极大的危害。除草剂和杀虫剂是具有长期生物毒性和生物蓄积性的常见农药,会伤害人体.不良结果途径（AOP）的概念涉及在分子和细胞水平上系统分析化学混合物对健康相关指标的反应水平。AOP与化学污染物的结构相关，毒性分子起始事件和生物毒性的不良结果，为毒性测试提供新的模型，预测，和污染物的评估。因此,典型的农药，包括敌草快（DIQ），氰嗪（CYA），dipterex(DIP),丙氧磷（PRO），以典型农药和OXA为研究对象,探讨其对蛋白核小球藻的联合毒性(C.乳突核)及其不良结果途径(AOP)。通过直接均分射线（EquRay）方法和均匀设计射线（UD-Ray）方法设计了农药的混合系统。通过时间依赖性微孔板毒性分析（t-MTA）方法系统地研究了单一农药及其混合物的毒性作用。通过浓度添加模型（CA）和与CA模型的偏差（dCA）分析了其混合物的相互作用。毒性数据显示出良好的浓度-效应关系；五种农药的毒性不同，顺序为CYA>DIQ>OXA>PRO>DIP。二进制,三元和四元混合体系表现出拮抗作用，而五元混合物系统表现出累加效应。农药的AOP研究表明，绿藻细胞中过氧化物的过度积累导致抗逆性下降，抑制藻类细胞中叶绿素和蛋白质的合成，细胞结构的破坏，最终导致藻类细胞死亡。
